ccminer-gostd-lite/ccminer.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2010 Jeff Garzik
 * Copyright 2012-2014 pooler
 * Copyright 2014-2015 tpruvot
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
 * any later version.  See COPYING for more details.
 */

#include "cpuminer-config.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <jansson.h>
#include <openssl/sha.h>

#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#else
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#if HAVE_SYS_SYSCTL_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#if HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif
#endif

#include "miner.h"

#ifdef WIN32
#include <Mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib")
#include "compat/winansi.h"
BOOL WINAPI ConsoleHandler(DWORD);
#endif

#define PROGRAM_NAME		"ccminer"
#define LP_SCANTIME		60
#define HEAVYCOIN_BLKHDR_SZ		84
#define MNR_BLKHDR_SZ 80

// from cuda.cpp
int cuda_num_devices();
void cuda_devicenames();
void cuda_shutdown();
int cuda_finddevice(char *name);
void cuda_print_devices();

#include "nvml.h"
#ifdef USE_WRAPNVML
nvml_handle *hnvml = NULL;
#endif

enum workio_commands {
	WC_GET_WORK,
	WC_SUBMIT_WORK,
	WC_ABORT,
};

struct workio_cmd {
	enum workio_commands	cmd;
	struct thr_info		*thr;
	union {
		struct work	*work;
	} u;
};

enum sha_algos {
	ALGO_ANIME,
	ALGO_BLAKE,
	ALGO_BLAKECOIN,
	ALGO_DEEP,
	ALGO_DMD_GR,
	ALGO_DOOM,
	ALGO_FRESH,
	ALGO_FUGUE256,		/* Fugue256 */
	ALGO_GROESTL,
	ALGO_HEAVY,		/* Heavycoin hash */
	ALGO_KECCAK,
	ALGO_JACKPOT,
	ALGO_LUFFA_DOOM,
	ALGO_LYRA2,
	ALGO_MJOLLNIR,		/* Hefty hash */
	ALGO_MYR_GR,
	ALGO_NEOSCRYPT,
	ALGO_NIST5,
	ALGO_PENTABLAKE,
	ALGO_PLUCK,
	ALGO_QUARK,
	ALGO_QUBIT,
	ALGO_SCRYPT,
	ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE,
	ALGO_SKEIN,
	ALGO_SKEIN2,
	ALGO_S3,
	ALGO_WHIRLCOIN,
	ALGO_WHIRLPOOLX,
	ALGO_X11,
	ALGO_X13,
	ALGO_X14,
	ALGO_X15,
	ALGO_X17,
	ALGO_ZR5,
};

static const char *algo_names[] = {
	"anime",
	"blake",
	"blakecoin",
	"deep",
	"dmd-gr",
	"doom", /* is luffa */
	"fresh",
	"fugue256",
	"groestl",
	"heavy",
	"keccak",
	"jackpot",
	"luffa",
	"lyra2",
	"mjollnir",
	"myr-gr",
	"neoscrypt",
	"nist5",
	"penta",
	"pluck",
	"quark",
	"qubit",
	"scrypt",
	"scrypt-jane",
	"skein",
	"skein2",
	"s3",
	"whirl",
	"whirlpoolx",
	"x11",
	"x13",
	"x14",
	"x15",
	"x17",
	"zr5",
};

bool opt_debug = false;
bool opt_protocol = false;
bool opt_benchmark = false;
bool want_longpoll = true;
bool have_longpoll = false;
bool want_stratum = true;
bool have_stratum = false;
bool allow_gbt = true;
bool allow_mininginfo = true;
bool check_dups = false;
static bool submit_old = false;
bool use_syslog = false;
bool use_colors = true;
static bool opt_background = false;
bool opt_quiet = false;
static int opt_retries = -1;
static int opt_fail_pause = 30;
static int opt_time_limit = 0;
int opt_timeout = 270;
static int opt_scantime = 10;
static json_t *opt_config;
static const bool opt_time = true;
static enum sha_algos opt_algo = ALGO_X11;
int opt_n_threads = 0;
int opt_affinity = -1;
int opt_priority = 0;
static double opt_difficulty = 1; // CH
bool opt_trust_pool = false;
uint16_t opt_vote = 9999;
int num_cpus;
int active_gpus;
char * device_name[MAX_GPUS];
short device_map[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
long  device_sm[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
uint32_t gpus_intensity[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };

// un-linked to cmdline scrypt options (useless)
int device_batchsize[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
int device_texturecache[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
int device_singlememory[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
// implemented scrypt options
int parallel = 2; // All should be made on GPU
char *device_config[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
int device_backoff[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
int device_lookup_gap[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
int device_interactive[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
int opt_nfactor = 0;
bool opt_autotune = true;
bool abort_flag = false;
char *jane_params = NULL;

char *rpc_user = NULL;
static char *rpc_pass;
static char *rpc_userpass = NULL;
char *rpc_url;
static char *short_url = NULL;
char *opt_cert;
char *opt_proxy;
long opt_proxy_type;
struct thr_info *thr_info;
static int work_thr_id;
struct thr_api *thr_api;
int longpoll_thr_id = -1;
int stratum_thr_id = -1;
int api_thr_id = -1;
bool stratum_need_reset = false;
struct work_restart *work_restart = NULL;
static int app_exit_code = EXIT_CODE_OK;
struct stratum_ctx stratum = { 0 };
uint32_t zr5_pok = 0;

pthread_mutex_t applog_lock;
static pthread_mutex_t stats_lock;
uint32_t accepted_count = 0L;
uint32_t rejected_count = 0L;
static double thr_hashrates[MAX_GPUS] = { 0 };
uint64_t global_hashrate = 0;
double   global_diff = 0.0;
uint64_t net_hashrate = 0;
uint64_t net_blocks = 0;

int opt_statsavg = 30;
// strdup on char* to allow a common free() if used
static char* opt_syslog_pfx = strdup(PROGRAM_NAME);
char *opt_api_allow = strdup("127.0.0.1"); /* 0.0.0.0 for all ips */
int opt_api_remote = 0;
int opt_api_listen = 4068; /* 0 to disable */

#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
#include <getopt.h>
#else
struct option {
	const char *name;
	int has_arg;
	int *flag;
	int val;
};
#endif

static char const usage[] = "\
Usage: " PROGRAM_NAME " [OPTIONS]\n\
Options:\n\
  -a, --algo=ALGO       specify the hash algorithm to use\n\
			anime       Animecoin\n\
			blake       Blake 256 (SFR/NEOS)\n\
			blakecoin   Fast Blake 256 (8 rounds)\n\
			deep        Deepcoin\n\
			dmd-gr      Diamond-Groestl\n\
			fresh       Freshcoin (shavite 80)\n\
			fugue256    Fuguecoin\n\
			groestl     Groestlcoin\n\
			heavy       Heavycoin\n\
			jackpot     Jackpot\n\
			keccak      Keccak-256 (Maxcoin)\n\
			luffa       Doomcoin\n\
			lyra2       VertCoin\n\
			mjollnir    Mjollnircoin\n\
			myr-gr      Myriad-Groestl\n\
			neoscrypt   FeatherCoin, Phoenix, UFO...\n\
			nist5       NIST5 (TalkCoin)\n\
			penta       Pentablake hash (5x Blake 512)\n\
			pluck       SupCoin\n\
			quark       Quark\n\
			qubit       Qubit\n\
			scrypt      Scrypt\n\
			scrypt-jane Scrypt-jane Chacha\n\
			skein       Skein SHA2 (Skeincoin)\n\
			skein2      Double Skein (Woodcoin)\n\
			s3          S3 (1Coin)\n\
			x11         X11 (DarkCoin)\n\
			x13         X13 (MaruCoin)\n\
			x14         X14\n\
			x15         X15\n\
			x17         X17 (peoplecurrency)\n\
			whirlpoolx  Vanilla coin\n\
			zr5         ZR5 (ZiftrCoin)\n\
  -d, --devices         Comma separated list of CUDA devices to use.\n\
                        Device IDs start counting from 0! Alternatively takes\n\
                        string names of your cards like gtx780ti or gt640#2\n\
                        (matching 2nd gt640 in the PC)\n\
  -i  --intensity=N[,N] GPU intensity 8.0-25.0 (default: auto) \n\
                        Decimals are allowed for fine tuning \n\
  -f, --diff            Divide difficulty by this factor (std is 1) \n\
  -v, --vote=VOTE       block reward vote (for HeavyCoin)\n\
  -m, --trust-pool      trust the max block reward vote (maxvote) sent by the pool\n\
  -o, --url=URL         URL of mining server\n\
  -O, --userpass=U:P    username:password pair for mining server\n\
  -u, --user=USERNAME   username for mining server\n\
  -p, --pass=PASSWORD   password for mining server\n\
      --cert=FILE       certificate for mining server using SSL\n\
  -x, --proxy=[PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]  connect through a proxy\n\
  -t, --threads=N       number of miner threads (default: number of nVidia GPUs)\n\
  -r, --retries=N       number of times to retry if a network call fails\n\
                          (default: retry indefinitely)\n\
  -R, --retry-pause=N   time to pause between retries, in seconds (default: 30)\n\
      --time-limit      maximum time [s] to mine before exiting the program.\n\
  -T, --timeout=N       network timeout, in seconds (default: 270)\n\
  -s, --scantime=N      upper bound on time spent scanning current work when\n\
                          long polling is unavailable, in seconds (default: 10)\n\
  -n, --ndevs           list cuda devices\n\
  -N, --statsavg        number of samples used to display hashrate (default: 30)\n\
      --no-gbt          disable getblocktemplate support (height check in solo)\n\
      --no-longpoll     disable X-Long-Polling support\n\
      --no-stratum      disable X-Stratum support\n\
  -q, --quiet           disable per-thread hashmeter output\n\
      --no-color        disable colored output\n\
  -D, --debug           enable debug output\n\
  -P, --protocol-dump   verbose dump of protocol-level activities\n\
      --cpu-affinity    set process affinity to cpu core(s), mask 0x3 for cores 0 and 1\n\
      --cpu-priority    set process priority (default: 3) 0 idle, 2 normal to 5 highest\n\
  -b, --api-bind        IP/Port for the miner API (default: 127.0.0.1:4068)\n\
      --api-remote      Allow remote control\n"

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG_H
"\
  -S, --syslog          use system log for output messages\n\
      --syslog-prefix=... allow to change syslog tool name\n"
#endif
"\
  -B, --background      run the miner in the background\n\
      --benchmark       run in offline benchmark mode\n\
      --cputest         debug hashes from cpu algorithms\n\
  -c, --config=FILE     load a JSON-format configuration file\n\
  -V, --version         display version information and exit\n\
  -h, --help            display this help text and exit\n\
";

static char const short_options[] =
#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG_H
	"S"
#endif
	"a:Bc:i:Dhp:Px:mnqr:R:s:t:T:o:u:O:Vd:f:v:N:b:l:L:";

static struct option const options[] = {
	{ "algo", 1, NULL, 'a' },
	{ "api-bind", 1, NULL, 'b' },
	{ "api-remote", 0, NULL, 1030 },
	{ "background", 0, NULL, 'B' },
	{ "benchmark", 0, NULL, 1005 },
	{ "cert", 1, NULL, 1001 },
	{ "config", 1, NULL, 'c' },
	{ "cputest", 0, NULL, 1006 },
	{ "cpu-affinity", 1, NULL, 1020 },
	{ "cpu-priority", 1, NULL, 1021 },
	{ "debug", 0, NULL, 'D' },
	{ "help", 0, NULL, 'h' },
	{ "intensity", 1, NULL, 'i' },
	{ "ndevs", 0, NULL, 'n' },
	{ "no-color", 0, NULL, 1002 },
	{ "no-gbt", 0, NULL, 1011 },
	{ "no-longpoll", 0, NULL, 1003 },
	{ "no-stratum", 0, NULL, 1007 },
	{ "no-autotune", 0, NULL, 1004 },  // scrypt
	{ "interactive", 1, NULL, 1050 },  // scrypt
	{ "launch-config", 0, NULL, 'l' }, // scrypt
	{ "lookup-gap", 0, NULL, 'L' },    // scrypt
	{ "pass", 1, NULL, 'p' },
	{ "protocol-dump", 0, NULL, 'P' },
	{ "proxy", 1, NULL, 'x' },
	{ "quiet", 0, NULL, 'q' },
	{ "retries", 1, NULL, 'r' },
	{ "retry-pause", 1, NULL, 'R' },
	{ "scantime", 1, NULL, 's' },
	{ "statsavg", 1, NULL, 'N' },
#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG_H
	{ "syslog", 0, NULL, 'S' },
	{ "syslog-prefix", 1, NULL, 1018 },
#endif
	{ "time-limit", 1, NULL, 1008 },
	{ "threads", 1, NULL, 't' },
	{ "vote", 1, NULL, 'v' },
	{ "trust-pool", 0, NULL, 'm' },
	{ "timeout", 1, NULL, 'T' },
	{ "url", 1, NULL, 'o' },
	{ "user", 1, NULL, 'u' },
	{ "userpass", 1, NULL, 'O' },
	{ "version", 0, NULL, 'V' },
	{ "devices", 1, NULL, 'd' },
	{ "diff", 1, NULL, 'f' },
	{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};

static char const scrypt_usage[] = "\n\
Scrypt specific options:\n\
  -l, --launch-config   gives the launch configuration for each kernel\n\
                        in a comma separated list, one per device.\n\
  -L, --lookup-gap      Divides the per-hash memory requirement by this factor\n\
                        by storing only every N'th value in the scratchpad.\n\
                        Default is 1.\n\
      --interactive     comma separated list of flags (0/1) specifying\n\
                        which of the CUDA device you need to run at inter-\n\
                        active frame rates (because it drives a display).\n\
      --no-autotune     disable auto-tuning of kernel launch parameters\n\
";

struct work _ALIGN(64) g_work;
time_t g_work_time;
pthread_mutex_t g_work_lock;


#ifdef __linux /* Linux specific policy and affinity management */
#include <sched.h>
static inline void drop_policy(void) {
	struct sched_param param;
	param.sched_priority = 0;
#ifdef SCHED_IDLE
	if (unlikely(sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_IDLE, &param) == -1))
#endif
#ifdef SCHED_BATCH
		sched_setscheduler(0, SCHED_BATCH, &param);
#endif
}

static void affine_to_cpu_mask(int id, uint8_t mask) {
	cpu_set_t set;
	CPU_ZERO(&set);
	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_cpus; i++) {
		// cpu mask
		if (mask & (1<<i)) { CPU_SET(i, &set); }
	}
	if (id == -1) {
		// process affinity
		sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(&set), &set);
	} else {
		// thread only
		pthread_setaffinity_np(thr_info[id].pth, sizeof(&set), &set);
	}
}
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) /* FreeBSD specific policy and affinity management */
#include <sys/cpuset.h>
static inline void drop_policy(void) { }
static void affine_to_cpu_mask(int id, uint8_t mask) {
	cpuset_t set;
	CPU_ZERO(&set);
	for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_cpus; i++) {
		if (mask & (1<<i)) CPU_SET(i, &set);
	}
	cpuset_setaffinity(CPU_LEVEL_WHICH, CPU_WHICH_TID, -1, sizeof(cpuset_t), &set);
}
#else /* Windows */
static inline void drop_policy(void) { }
static void affine_to_cpu_mask(int id, uint8_t mask) {
	if (id == -1)
		SetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), mask);
	else
		SetThreadAffinityMask(GetCurrentThread(), mask);
}
#endif

static bool get_blocktemplate(CURL *curl, struct work *work);

void get_currentalgo(char* buf, int sz)
{
	snprintf(buf, sz, "%s", algo_names[opt_algo]);
}

/**
 * Exit app
 */
void proper_exit(int reason)
{
	abort_flag = true;
	usleep(200 * 1000);
	cuda_shutdown();

	if (reason == EXIT_CODE_OK && app_exit_code != EXIT_CODE_OK) {
		reason = app_exit_code;
	}

	if (check_dups)
		hashlog_purge_all();
	stats_purge_all();

#ifdef WIN32
	timeEndPeriod(1); // else never executed
#endif
#ifdef USE_WRAPNVML
	if (hnvml)
		nvml_destroy(hnvml);
#endif
	free(opt_syslog_pfx);
	free(opt_api_allow);
	free(work_restart);
	//free(thr_info);
	exit(reason);
}

static bool jobj_binary(const json_t *obj, const char *key,
			void *buf, size_t buflen)
{
	const char *hexstr;
	json_t *tmp;

	tmp = json_object_get(obj, key);
	if (unlikely(!tmp)) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "JSON key '%s' not found", key);
		return false;
	}
	hexstr = json_string_value(tmp);
	if (unlikely(!hexstr)) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "JSON key '%s' is not a string", key);
		return false;
	}
	if (!hex2bin((uchar*)buf, hexstr, buflen))
		return false;

	return true;
}

static bool work_decode(const json_t *val, struct work *work)
{
	int data_size = sizeof(work->data), target_size = sizeof(work->target);
	int adata_sz = ARRAY_SIZE(work->data), atarget_sz = ARRAY_SIZE(work->target);
	int i;

	if (opt_algo == ALGO_NEOSCRYPT || opt_algo == ALGO_ZR5) {
		data_size = 80; adata_sz = 20;
	}

	if (unlikely(!jobj_binary(val, "data", work->data, data_size))) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "JSON inval data");
		return false;
	}
	if (unlikely(!jobj_binary(val, "target", work->target, target_size))) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "JSON inval target");
		return false;
	}

	if (opt_algo == ALGO_HEAVY) {
		if (unlikely(!jobj_binary(val, "maxvote", &work->maxvote, sizeof(work->maxvote)))) {
			work->maxvote = 2048;
		}
	} else work->maxvote = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < adata_sz; i++)
		work->data[i] = le32dec(work->data + i);
	for (i = 0; i < atarget_sz; i++)
		work->target[i] = le32dec(work->target + i);

	json_t *jr = json_object_get(val, "noncerange");
	if (jr) {
		const char * hexstr = json_string_value(jr);
		if (likely(hexstr)) {
			// never seen yet...
			hex2bin((uchar*)work->noncerange.u64, hexstr, 8);
			applog(LOG_DEBUG, "received noncerange: %08x-%08x",
				work->noncerange.u32[0], work->noncerange.u32[1]);
		}
	}

	/* use work ntime as job id (solo-mining) */
	cbin2hex(work->job_id, (const char*)&work->data[17], 4);

	return true;
}

/**
 * Calculate the work difficulty as double
 * Not sure it works with pools
 */
static void calc_diff(struct work *work, int known)
{
	// sample for diff 32.53 : 00000007de5f0000
	const uint64_t diffone = 0xFFFF000000000000ull;
	uint64_t *data64, d64;
	char rtarget[32];

	swab256(rtarget, work->target);
	data64 = (uint64_t *)(rtarget + 3); /* todo: index (3) can be tuned here */

	if (opt_algo == ALGO_HEAVY) {
		data64 = (uint64_t *)(rtarget + 2);
	}

	d64 = swab64(*data64);
	if (unlikely(!d64))
		d64 = 1;
	work->difficulty = (double)diffone / d64;
	if (opt_difficulty > 0.) {
		work->difficulty /= opt_difficulty;
	}
}

static int share_result(int result, const char *reason)
{
	char s[32] = { 0 };
	double hashrate = 0.;

	pthread_mutex_lock(&stats_lock);

	for (int i = 0; i < opt_n_threads; i++) {
		hashrate += stats_get_speed(i, thr_hashrates[i]);
	}

	result ? accepted_count++ : rejected_count++;
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&stats_lock);

	global_hashrate = llround(hashrate);

	format_hashrate(hashrate, s);
	applog(LOG_NOTICE, "accepted: %lu/%lu (%.2f%%), %s %s",
			accepted_count,
			accepted_count + rejected_count,
			100. * accepted_count / (accepted_count + rejected_count),
			s,
			use_colors ?
				(result ? CL_GRN "yay!!!" : CL_RED "booooo")
			:	(result ? "(yay!!!)" : "(booooo)"));

	if (reason) {
		applog(LOG_WARNING, "reject reason: %s", reason);
		if (strncasecmp(reason, "low difficulty", 14) == 0) {
			opt_difficulty = (opt_difficulty * 2.0) / 3.0;
			applog(LOG_WARNING, "factor reduced to : %0.2f", opt_difficulty);
			return 0;
		}
		if (strncasecmp(reason, "duplicate", 9) == 0 && !check_dups) {
			applog(LOG_WARNING, "enabling duplicates check feature");
			check_dups = true;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

static bool submit_upstream_work(CURL *curl, struct work *work)
{
	json_t *val, *res, *reason;
	bool stale_work = false;
	char s[384];

	/* discard if a newer bloc was received */
	stale_work = work->height && work->height < g_work.height;
	if (have_stratum && !stale_work && opt_algo != ALGO_ZR5 && opt_algo != ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE) {
		pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
		if (strlen(work->job_id + 8))
			stale_work = strncmp(work->job_id + 8, g_work.job_id + 8, 4);
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
	}

	if (!have_stratum && !stale_work && allow_gbt) {
		struct work wheight = { 0 };
		if (get_blocktemplate(curl, &wheight)) {
			if (work->height && work->height < wheight.height) {
				if (opt_debug)
					applog(LOG_WARNING, "bloc %u was already solved", work->height);
				return true;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!stale_work && opt_algo == ALGO_ZR5 && !have_stratum) {
		stale_work = (memcmp(&work->data[1], &g_work.data[1], 68));
	}

	if (!submit_old && stale_work) {
		if (opt_debug)
			applog(LOG_WARNING, "stale work detected, discarding");
		return true;
	}
	calc_diff(work, 0);

	if (have_stratum) {
		uint32_t sent = 0;
		uint32_t ntime, nonce;
		uint16_t nvote;
		char *ntimestr, *noncestr, *xnonce2str, *nvotestr;

		switch (opt_algo) {
		case ALGO_ZR5:
			check_dups = true;
			be32enc(&ntime, work->data[17]);
			be32enc(&nonce, work->data[19]);
			break;
		default:
			le32enc(&ntime, work->data[17]);
			le32enc(&nonce, work->data[19]);
		}
		noncestr = bin2hex((const uchar*)(&nonce), 4);

		if (check_dups)
			sent = hashlog_already_submittted(work->job_id, nonce);
		if (sent > 0) {
			sent = (uint32_t) time(NULL) - sent;
			if (!opt_quiet) {
				applog(LOG_WARNING, "nonce %s was already sent %u seconds ago", noncestr, sent);
				hashlog_dump_job(work->job_id);
			}
			free(noncestr);
			// prevent useless computing on some pools
			g_work_time = 0;
			restart_threads();
			return true;
		}

		ntimestr = bin2hex((const uchar*)(&ntime), 4);
		xnonce2str = bin2hex(work->xnonce2, work->xnonce2_len);

		if (opt_algo == ALGO_HEAVY) {
			be16enc(&nvote, *((uint16_t*)&work->data[20]));
			nvotestr = bin2hex((const uchar*)(&nvote), 2);
			sprintf(s,
				"{\"method\": \"mining.submit\", \"params\": [\"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\"], \"id\":4}",
				rpc_user, work->job_id + 8, xnonce2str, ntimestr, noncestr, nvotestr);
			free(nvotestr);
		} else {
			sprintf(s,
				"{\"method\": \"mining.submit\", \"params\": [\"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\", \"%s\"], \"id\":4}",
				rpc_user, work->job_id + 8, xnonce2str, ntimestr, noncestr);
		}
		free(xnonce2str);
		free(ntimestr);
		free(noncestr);

		gettimeofday(&stratum.tv_submit, NULL);
		if (unlikely(!stratum_send_line(&stratum, s))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "submit_upstream_work stratum_send_line failed");
			return false;
		}

		if (check_dups)
			hashlog_remember_submit(work, nonce);

	} else {

		int data_size = sizeof(work->data);
		int adata_sz = ARRAY_SIZE(work->data);

		/* build hex string */
		char *str = NULL;

		if (opt_algo == ALGO_ZR5) {
			data_size = 80; adata_sz = 20;
		}

		if (opt_algo != ALGO_HEAVY && opt_algo != ALGO_MJOLLNIR) {
			for (int i = 0; i < adata_sz; i++)
				le32enc(work->data + i, work->data[i]);
		}
		str = bin2hex((uchar*)work->data, data_size);
		if (unlikely(!str)) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "submit_upstream_work OOM");
			return false;
		}

		/* build JSON-RPC request */
		sprintf(s,
			"{\"method\": \"getwork\", \"params\": [\"%s\"], \"id\":4}\r\n",
			str);

		/* issue JSON-RPC request */
		val = json_rpc_call(curl, rpc_url, rpc_userpass, s, false, false, NULL);
		if (unlikely(!val)) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "submit_upstream_work json_rpc_call failed");
			return false;
		}

		res = json_object_get(val, "result");
		reason = json_object_get(val, "reject-reason");
		if (!share_result(json_is_true(res), reason ? json_string_value(reason) : NULL)) {
			if (check_dups)
				hashlog_purge_job(work->job_id);
		}

		json_decref(val);

		free(str);
	}

	return true;
}

/* simplified method to only get some extra infos in solo mode */
static bool gbt_work_decode(const json_t *val, struct work *work)
{
	json_t *err = json_object_get(val, "error");
	if (err && !json_is_null(err)) {
		allow_gbt = false;
		applog(LOG_INFO, "GBT not supported, bloc height unavailable");
		return false;
	}

	if (!work->height) {
		// complete missing data from getwork
		json_t *key = json_object_get(val, "height");
		if (key && json_is_integer(key)) {
			work->height = (uint32_t) json_integer_value(key);
			if (!opt_quiet && work->height > g_work.height) {
				if (!have_stratum && allow_mininginfo && global_diff > 0) {
					char netinfo[64] = { 0 };
					char srate[32] = { 0 };
					sprintf(netinfo, "diff %.2f", global_diff);
					if (net_hashrate) {
						format_hashrate((double) net_hashrate, srate);
						strcat(netinfo, ", net ");
						strcat(netinfo, srate);
					}
					applog(LOG_BLUE, "%s block %d, %s",
						algo_names[opt_algo], work->height, netinfo);
				} else {
					applog(LOG_BLUE, "%s %s block %d", short_url,
						algo_names[opt_algo], work->height);
				}
				g_work.height = work->height;
			}
		}
	}

	return true;
}

#define GBT_CAPABILITIES "[\"coinbasetxn\", \"coinbasevalue\", \"longpoll\", \"workid\"]"
static const char *gbt_req =
	"{\"method\": \"getblocktemplate\", \"params\": ["
	//	"{\"capabilities\": " GBT_CAPABILITIES "}"
	"], \"id\":9}\r\n";

static bool get_blocktemplate(CURL *curl, struct work *work)
{
	if (!allow_gbt)
		return false;

	int curl_err = 0;
	json_t *val = json_rpc_call(curl, rpc_url, rpc_userpass, gbt_req,
			    want_longpoll, have_longpoll, &curl_err);

	if (!val && curl_err == -1) {
		// when getblocktemplate is not supported, disable it
		allow_gbt = false;
		if (!opt_quiet) {
				applog(LOG_BLUE, "gbt not supported, block height notices disabled");
		}
		return false;
	}

	bool rc = gbt_work_decode(json_object_get(val, "result"), work);

	json_decref(val);

	return rc;
}

// good alternative for wallet mining, difficulty and net hashrate
static const char *info_req =
	"{\"method\": \"getmininginfo\", \"params\": [], \"id\":8}\r\n";

static bool get_mininginfo(CURL *curl, struct work *work)
{
	if (have_stratum || !allow_mininginfo)
		return false;

	int curl_err = 0;
	json_t *val = json_rpc_call(curl, rpc_url, rpc_userpass, info_req,
			    want_longpoll, have_longpoll, &curl_err);

	if (!val && curl_err == -1) {
		allow_mininginfo = false;
		if (opt_debug) {
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "getmininginfo not supported");
		}
		return false;
	} else {
		json_t *res = json_object_get(val, "result");
		// "blocks": 491493 (= current work height - 1)
		// "difficulty": 0.99607860999999998
		// "networkhashps": 56475980
		if (res) {
			json_t *key = json_object_get(res, "difficulty");
			if (key && json_is_real(key)) {
				global_diff = json_real_value(key);
			}
			key = json_object_get(res, "networkhashps");
			if (key && json_is_integer(key)) {
				net_hashrate = json_integer_value(key);
			}
			key = json_object_get(res, "blocks");
			if (key && json_is_integer(key)) {
				net_blocks = json_integer_value(key);
			}
		}
	}
	json_decref(val);
	return true;
}

static const char *rpc_req =
	"{\"method\": \"getwork\", \"params\": [], \"id\":0}\r\n";

static bool get_upstream_work(CURL *curl, struct work *work)
{
	json_t *val;
	bool rc;
	struct timeval tv_start, tv_end, diff;

	gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);
	val = json_rpc_call(curl, rpc_url, rpc_userpass, rpc_req,
			    want_longpoll, false, NULL);
	gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);

	if (have_stratum) {
		if (val)
			json_decref(val);
		return true;
	}

	if (!val)
		return false;

	rc = work_decode(json_object_get(val, "result"), work);

	if (opt_protocol && rc) {
		timeval_subtract(&diff, &tv_end, &tv_start);
		/* show time because curl can be slower against versions/config */
		applog(LOG_DEBUG, "got new work in %.2f ms",
		       (1000.0 * diff.tv_sec) + (0.001 * diff.tv_usec));
	}

	json_decref(val);

	get_mininginfo(curl, work);
	get_blocktemplate(curl, work);

	return rc;
}

static void workio_cmd_free(struct workio_cmd *wc)
{
	if (!wc)
		return;

	switch (wc->cmd) {
	case WC_SUBMIT_WORK:
		aligned_free(wc->u.work);
		break;
	default: /* do nothing */
		break;
	}

	memset(wc, 0, sizeof(*wc));	/* poison */
	free(wc);
}

static void workio_abort()
{
	struct workio_cmd *wc;

	/* fill out work request message */
	wc = (struct workio_cmd *)calloc(1, sizeof(*wc));
	if (!wc)
		return;

	wc->cmd = WC_ABORT;

	/* send work request to workio thread */
	if (!tq_push(thr_info[work_thr_id].q, wc)) {
		workio_cmd_free(wc);
	}
}

static bool workio_get_work(struct workio_cmd *wc, CURL *curl)
{
	struct work *ret_work;
	int failures = 0;

	ret_work = (struct work*)aligned_calloc(sizeof(*ret_work));
	if (!ret_work)
		return false;

	/* obtain new work from bitcoin via JSON-RPC */
	while (!get_upstream_work(curl, ret_work)) {
		if (unlikely((opt_retries >= 0) && (++failures > opt_retries))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "json_rpc_call failed, terminating workio thread");
			aligned_free(ret_work);
			return false;
		}

		/* pause, then restart work-request loop */
		applog(LOG_ERR, "json_rpc_call failed, retry after %d seconds",
			opt_fail_pause);
		sleep(opt_fail_pause);
	}

	/* send work to requesting thread */
	if (!tq_push(wc->thr->q, ret_work))
		aligned_free(ret_work);

	return true;
}

static bool workio_submit_work(struct workio_cmd *wc, CURL *curl)
{
	int failures = 0;

	/* submit solution to bitcoin via JSON-RPC */
	while (!submit_upstream_work(curl, wc->u.work)) {
		if (unlikely((opt_retries >= 0) && (++failures > opt_retries))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "...terminating workio thread");
			return false;
		}

		/* pause, then restart work-request loop */
		if (!opt_benchmark)
			applog(LOG_ERR, "...retry after %d seconds", opt_fail_pause);

		sleep(opt_fail_pause);
	}

	return true;
}

static void *workio_thread(void *userdata)
{
	struct thr_info *mythr = (struct thr_info*)userdata;
	CURL *curl;
	bool ok = true;

	curl = curl_easy_init();
	if (unlikely(!curl)) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "CURL initialization failed");
		return NULL;
	}

	while (ok) {
		struct workio_cmd *wc;

		/* wait for workio_cmd sent to us, on our queue */
		wc = (struct workio_cmd *)tq_pop(mythr->q, NULL);
		if (!wc) {
			ok = false;
			break;
		}

		/* process workio_cmd */
		switch (wc->cmd) {
		case WC_GET_WORK:
			ok = workio_get_work(wc, curl);
			break;
		case WC_SUBMIT_WORK:
			ok = workio_submit_work(wc, curl);
			break;
		case WC_ABORT:
		default:		/* should never happen */
			ok = false;
			break;
		}

		workio_cmd_free(wc);
	}

	tq_freeze(mythr->q);
	curl_easy_cleanup(curl);

	return NULL;
}

static bool get_work(struct thr_info *thr, struct work *work)
{
	struct workio_cmd *wc;
	struct work *work_heap;

	if (opt_benchmark) {
		memset(work->data, 0x55, 76);
		//work->data[17] = swab32((uint32_t)time(NULL));
		memset(work->data + 19, 0x00, 52);
		work->data[20] = 0x80000000;
		work->data[31] = 0x00000280;
		memset(work->target, 0x00, sizeof(work->target));
		return true;
	}

	/* fill out work request message */
	wc = (struct workio_cmd *)calloc(1, sizeof(*wc));
	if (!wc)
		return false;

	wc->cmd = WC_GET_WORK;
	wc->thr = thr;

	/* send work request to workio thread */
	if (!tq_push(thr_info[work_thr_id].q, wc)) {
		workio_cmd_free(wc);
		return false;
	}

	/* wait for response, a unit of work */
	work_heap = (struct work *)tq_pop(thr->q, NULL);
	if (!work_heap)
		return false;

	/* copy returned work into storage provided by caller */
	memcpy(work, work_heap, sizeof(*work));
	aligned_free(work_heap);

	return true;
}

static bool submit_work(struct thr_info *thr, const struct work *work_in)
{
	struct workio_cmd *wc;
	/* fill out work request message */
	wc = (struct workio_cmd *)calloc(1, sizeof(*wc));
	if (!wc)
		return false;

	wc->u.work = (struct work *)aligned_calloc(sizeof(*work_in));
	if (!wc->u.work)
		goto err_out;

	wc->cmd = WC_SUBMIT_WORK;
	wc->thr = thr;
	memcpy(wc->u.work, work_in, sizeof(*work_in));

	/* send solution to workio thread */
	if (!tq_push(thr_info[work_thr_id].q, wc))
		goto err_out;

	return true;

err_out:
	workio_cmd_free(wc);
	return false;
}

static void stratum_gen_work(struct stratum_ctx *sctx, struct work *work)
{
	uchar merkle_root[64];
	int i;

	if (!sctx->job.job_id) {
		// applog(LOG_WARNING, "stratum_gen_work: job not yet retrieved");
		return;
	}

	pthread_mutex_lock(&sctx->work_lock);

	// store the job ntime as high part of jobid
	snprintf(work->job_id, sizeof(work->job_id), "%07x %s",
		be32dec(sctx->job.ntime) & 0xfffffff, sctx->job.job_id);
	work->xnonce2_len = sctx->xnonce2_size;
	memcpy(work->xnonce2, sctx->job.xnonce2, sctx->xnonce2_size);

	// also store the bloc number
	work->height = sctx->job.height;

	/* Generate merkle root */
	switch (opt_algo) {
		case ALGO_HEAVY:
		case ALGO_MJOLLNIR:
			heavycoin_hash(merkle_root, sctx->job.coinbase, (int)sctx->job.coinbase_size);
			break;
		case ALGO_FUGUE256:
		case ALGO_GROESTL:
		case ALGO_KECCAK:
		case ALGO_BLAKECOIN:
		case ALGO_WHIRLCOIN:
			SHA256((uchar*)sctx->job.coinbase, sctx->job.coinbase_size, (uchar*)merkle_root);
			break;
		default:
			sha256d(merkle_root, sctx->job.coinbase, (int)sctx->job.coinbase_size);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < sctx->job.merkle_count; i++) {
		memcpy(merkle_root + 32, sctx->job.merkle[i], 32);
		if (opt_algo == ALGO_HEAVY || opt_algo == ALGO_MJOLLNIR)
			heavycoin_hash(merkle_root, merkle_root, 64);
		else
			sha256d(merkle_root, merkle_root, 64);
	}
	
	/* Increment extranonce2 */
	for (i = 0; i < (int)sctx->xnonce2_size && !++sctx->job.xnonce2[i]; i++);

	/* Assemble block header */
	memset(work->data, 0, sizeof(work->data));
	work->data[0] = le32dec(sctx->job.version);
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		work->data[1 + i] = le32dec((uint32_t *)sctx->job.prevhash + i);
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		work->data[9 + i] = be32dec((uint32_t *)merkle_root + i);
	work->data[17] = le32dec(sctx->job.ntime);
	work->data[18] = le32dec(sctx->job.nbits);

	switch (opt_algo) {
	case ALGO_MJOLLNIR:
	case ALGO_HEAVY:
		// todo: check if 19 is enough
		for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
			work->data[i] = be32dec((uint32_t *)&work->data[i]);
		break;
	case ALGO_ZR5:
		for (i = 0; i < 19; i++)
			work->data[i] = be32dec((uint32_t *)&work->data[i]);
		break;
	}

	work->data[20] = 0x80000000;
	work->data[31] = (opt_algo == ALGO_MJOLLNIR) ? 0x000002A0 : 0x00000280;

	// HeavyCoin (vote / reward)
	if (opt_algo == ALGO_HEAVY) {
		work->maxvote = 2048;
		uint16_t *ext = (uint16_t*)(&work->data[20]);
		ext[0] = opt_vote;
		ext[1] = be16dec(sctx->job.nreward);
		// applog(LOG_DEBUG, "DEBUG: vote=%hx reward=%hx", ext[0], ext[1]);
	}

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&sctx->work_lock);

	if (opt_debug) {
		char *tm = atime2str(swab32(work->data[17]) - sctx->srvtime_diff);
		char *xnonce2str = bin2hex(work->xnonce2, sctx->xnonce2_size);
		applog(LOG_DEBUG, "DEBUG: job_id=%s xnonce2=%s time=%s",
		       work->job_id, xnonce2str, tm);
		free(tm);
		free(xnonce2str);
	}

	switch (opt_algo) {
		case ALGO_JACKPOT:
		case ALGO_NEOSCRYPT:
		case ALGO_PLUCK:
		case ALGO_SCRYPT:
		case ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE:
			diff_to_target(work->target, sctx->job.diff / (65536.0 * opt_difficulty));
			break;
		case ALGO_DMD_GR:
		case ALGO_FRESH:
		case ALGO_FUGUE256:
		case ALGO_GROESTL:
			diff_to_target(work->target, sctx->job.diff / (256.0 * opt_difficulty));
			break;
		case ALGO_KECCAK:
		case ALGO_LYRA2:
			diff_to_target(work->target, sctx->job.diff / (128.0 * opt_difficulty));
			break;
		default:
			diff_to_target(work->target, sctx->job.diff / opt_difficulty);
	}
}

void restart_threads(void)
{
	if (opt_debug && !opt_quiet)
		applog(LOG_DEBUG,"%s", __FUNCTION__);

	for (int i = 0; i < opt_n_threads; i++)
		work_restart[i].restart = 1;
}

static void *miner_thread(void *userdata)
{
	struct thr_info *mythr = (struct thr_info *)userdata;
	int thr_id = mythr->id;
	struct work work;
	uint64_t loopcnt = 0;
	uint32_t max_nonce;
	uint32_t end_nonce = UINT32_MAX / opt_n_threads * (thr_id + 1) - (thr_id + 1);
	time_t firstwork_time = 0;
	bool work_done = false;
	bool extrajob = false;
	char s[16];
	int rc = 0;

	memset(&work, 0, sizeof(work)); // prevent work from being used uninitialized

	if (opt_priority > 0) {
		int prio = 2; // default to normal
#ifndef WIN32
		prio = 0;
		// note: different behavior on linux (-19 to 19)
		switch (opt_priority) {
			case 0:
				prio = 15;
				break;
			case 1:
				prio = 5;
				break;
			case 2:
				prio = 0; // normal process
				break;
			case 3:
				prio = -1; // above
				break;
			case 4:
				prio = -10;
				break;
			case 5:
				prio = -15;
		}
		if (opt_debug)
			applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Thread %d priority %d (nice %d)",
				thr_id,	opt_priority, prio);
#endif
		setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, prio);
		drop_policy();
	}

	/* Cpu thread affinity */
	if (num_cpus > 1) {
		if (opt_affinity == -1 && opt_n_threads > 1) {
			if (opt_debug)
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Binding thread %d to cpu %d (mask %x)", thr_id,
						thr_id % num_cpus, (1 << (thr_id % num_cpus)));
			affine_to_cpu_mask(thr_id, 1 << (thr_id % num_cpus));
		} else if (opt_affinity != -1) {
			if (opt_debug)
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Binding thread %d to cpu mask %x", thr_id,
						opt_affinity);
			affine_to_cpu_mask(thr_id, opt_affinity);
		}
	}

	while (1) {
		struct timeval tv_start, tv_end, diff;
		unsigned long hashes_done;
		uint32_t start_nonce;
		uint32_t scan_time = have_longpoll ? LP_SCANTIME : opt_scantime;
		uint64_t max64, minmax = 0x100000;

		// &work.data[19]
		int wcmplen = 76;
		int wcmpoft = 0;
		uint32_t *nonceptr = (uint32_t*) (((char*)work.data) + wcmplen);

		if (have_stratum) {
			uint32_t sleeptime = 0;
			while (!work_done && time(NULL) >= (g_work_time + opt_scantime)) {
				usleep(100*1000);
				if (sleeptime > 4) {
					extrajob = true;
					break;
				}
				sleeptime++;
			}
			if (sleeptime && opt_debug && !opt_quiet)
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "sleeptime: %u ms", sleeptime*100);
			nonceptr = (uint32_t*) (((char*)work.data) + wcmplen);
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
			extrajob |= work_done;
			if (nonceptr[0] >= end_nonce || extrajob) {
				work_done = false;
				extrajob = false;
				stratum_gen_work(&stratum, &g_work);
			}
		} else {
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
			if ((time(NULL) - g_work_time) >= scan_time || nonceptr[0] >= (end_nonce - 0x100)) {
				if (opt_debug && g_work_time && !opt_quiet)
					applog(LOG_DEBUG, "work time %u/%us nonce %x/%x", time(NULL) - g_work_time,
						scan_time, nonceptr[0], end_nonce);
				/* obtain new work from internal workio thread */
				if (unlikely(!get_work(mythr, &g_work))) {
					pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
					applog(LOG_ERR, "work retrieval failed, exiting mining thread %d", mythr->id);
					goto out;
				}
				g_work_time = time(NULL);
			}
		}

		if (!opt_benchmark && (g_work.height != work.height || memcmp(work.target, g_work.target, sizeof(work.target))))
		{
			calc_diff(&g_work, 0);
			if (!have_stratum && !allow_mininginfo)
				global_diff = g_work.difficulty;
			if (opt_debug) {
				uint64_t target64 = g_work.target[7] * 0x100000000ULL + g_work.target[6];
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "job %s target change: %llx (%.1f)", g_work.job_id, target64, g_work.difficulty);
			}
			memcpy(work.target, g_work.target, sizeof(work.target));
			work.difficulty = g_work.difficulty;
			work.height = g_work.height;
			nonceptr[0] = (UINT32_MAX / opt_n_threads) * thr_id; // 0 if single thr
			/* on new target, ignoring nonce, clear sent data (hashlog) */
			if (memcmp(work.target, g_work.target, sizeof(work.target))) {
				if (check_dups)
					hashlog_purge_job(work.job_id);
			}
		}

		if (opt_algo == ALGO_ZR5) {
			// ignore pok/version header
			wcmpoft = 1;
			wcmplen -= 4;
		}

		if (memcmp(&work.data[wcmpoft], &g_work.data[wcmpoft], wcmplen)) {
			#if 0
			if (opt_debug) {
				for (int n=0; n <= (wcmplen-8); n+=8) {
					if (memcmp(work.data + n, g_work.data + n, 8)) {
						applog(LOG_DEBUG, "job %s work updated at offset %d:", g_work.job_id, n);
						applog_hash((uchar*) &work.data[n]);
						applog_compare_hash((uchar*) &g_work.data[n], (uchar*) &work.data[n]);
					}
				}
			}
			#endif
			memcpy(&work, &g_work, sizeof(struct work));
			nonceptr[0] = (UINT32_MAX / opt_n_threads) * thr_id; // 0 if single thr
		} else
			nonceptr[0]++; //??

		work_restart[thr_id].restart = 0;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);

		/* adjust max_nonce to meet target scan time */
		if (have_stratum)
			max64 = LP_SCANTIME;
		else
			max64 = max(1, scan_time + g_work_time - time(NULL));

		/* time limit */
		if (opt_time_limit && firstwork_time) {
			int passed = (int)(time(NULL) - firstwork_time);
			int remain = (int)(opt_time_limit - passed);
			if (remain < 0)  {
				app_exit_code = EXIT_CODE_TIME_LIMIT;
				abort_flag = true;
				applog(LOG_NOTICE, "Mining timeout of %ds reached, exiting...", opt_time_limit);
				workio_abort();
				break;
			}
			if (remain < max64) max64 = remain;
		}

		max64 *= (uint32_t)thr_hashrates[thr_id];

		/* on start, max64 should not be 0,
		 *    before hashrate is computed */
		if (max64 < minmax) {
			switch (opt_algo) {
			case ALGO_BLAKECOIN:
			case ALGO_BLAKE:
			case ALGO_WHIRLPOOLX:
				minmax = 0x80000000U;
				break;
			case ALGO_KECCAK:
				minmax = 0x40000000U;
				break;
			case ALGO_DOOM:
			case ALGO_JACKPOT:
			case ALGO_LUFFA_DOOM:
				minmax = 0x2000000;
				break;
			case ALGO_S3:
			case ALGO_X11:
			case ALGO_X13:
				minmax = 0x400000;
				break;
			case ALGO_LYRA2:
			case ALGO_NEOSCRYPT:
			case ALGO_SCRYPT:
			case ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE:
				minmax = 0x100000;
				break;
			case ALGO_PLUCK:
				minmax = 0x2000;
				break;
			}
			max64 = max(minmax-1, max64);
		}

		// we can't scan more than uint32 capacity
		max64 = min(UINT32_MAX, max64);

		start_nonce = nonceptr[0];

		/* never let small ranges at end */
		if (end_nonce >= UINT32_MAX - 256)
			end_nonce = UINT32_MAX;

		if ((max64 + start_nonce) >= end_nonce)
			max_nonce = end_nonce;
		else
			max_nonce = (uint32_t) (max64 + start_nonce);

		// todo: keep it rounded for gpu threads ?

		if (unlikely(start_nonce > max_nonce)) {
			// should not happen but seen in skein2 benchmark with 2 gpus
			max_nonce = end_nonce = UINT32_MAX;
		}

		work.scanned_from = start_nonce;
		nonceptr[0] = start_nonce;

		if (opt_debug)
			applog(LOG_DEBUG, "GPU #%d: start=%08x end=%08x range=%08x",
				device_map[thr_id], start_nonce, max_nonce, (max_nonce-start_nonce));

		hashes_done = 0;
		gettimeofday(&tv_start, NULL);

		/* scan nonces for a proof-of-work hash */
		switch (opt_algo) {

		case ALGO_HEAVY:
			rc = scanhash_heavy(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done, work.maxvote, HEAVYCOIN_BLKHDR_SZ);
			break;

		case ALGO_KECCAK:
			rc = scanhash_keccak256(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_MJOLLNIR:
			rc = scanhash_heavy(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done, 0, MNR_BLKHDR_SZ);
			break;

		case ALGO_DEEP:
			rc = scanhash_deep(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_DOOM:
		case ALGO_LUFFA_DOOM:
			rc = scanhash_doom(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_FUGUE256:
			rc = scanhash_fugue256(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_GROESTL:
		case ALGO_DMD_GR:
			rc = scanhash_groestlcoin(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_MYR_GR:
			rc = scanhash_myriad(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_JACKPOT:
			rc = scanhash_jackpot(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_QUARK:
			rc = scanhash_quark(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_QUBIT:
			rc = scanhash_qubit(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_ANIME:
			rc = scanhash_anime(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_BLAKECOIN:
			rc = scanhash_blake256(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done, 8);
			break;

		case ALGO_BLAKE:
			rc = scanhash_blake256(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done, 14);
			break;

		case ALGO_FRESH:
			rc = scanhash_fresh(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_LYRA2:
			rc = scanhash_lyra2(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_NEOSCRYPT:
			rc = scanhash_neoscrypt(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_NIST5:
			rc = scanhash_nist5(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_PENTABLAKE:
			rc = scanhash_pentablake(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_PLUCK:
			rc = scanhash_pluck(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_SCRYPT:
			rc = scanhash_scrypt(thr_id, work.data, work.target, NULL,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done, &tv_start, &tv_end);
			break;

		case ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE:
			rc = scanhash_scrypt_jane(thr_id, work.data, work.target, NULL,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done, &tv_start, &tv_end);
			break;

		case ALGO_SKEIN:
			rc = scanhash_skeincoin(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_SKEIN2:
			rc = scanhash_skein2(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_S3:
			rc = scanhash_s3(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		/* to be deleted */
		case ALGO_WHIRLCOIN:
			rc = scanhash_whc(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_WHIRLPOOLX:
			rc = scanhash_whirlpoolx(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_X11:
			rc = scanhash_x11(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_X13:
			rc = scanhash_x13(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_X14:
			rc = scanhash_x14(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
				              max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_X15:
			rc = scanhash_x15(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
				              max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_X17:
			rc = scanhash_x17(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
				              max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;

		case ALGO_ZR5: {
			rc = scanhash_zr5(thr_id, work.data, work.target,
			                      max_nonce, &hashes_done);
			break;
		}
		default:
			/* should never happen */
			goto out;
		}

		/* record scanhash elapsed time */
		gettimeofday(&tv_end, NULL);

		if (firstwork_time == 0)
			firstwork_time = time(NULL);

		if (rc && opt_debug)
			applog(LOG_NOTICE, CL_CYN "found => %08x" CL_GRN " %08x", nonceptr[0], swab32(nonceptr[0])); // data[19]
		if (rc > 1 && opt_debug)
			applog(LOG_NOTICE, CL_CYN "found => %08x" CL_GRN " %08x", nonceptr[2], swab32(nonceptr[2])); // data[21]

		timeval_subtract(&diff, &tv_end, &tv_start);

		if (diff.tv_usec || diff.tv_sec) {
			double dtime = (double) diff.tv_sec + 1e-6 * diff.tv_usec;

			/* hashrate factors for some algos */
			double rate_factor = 1.0;
			switch (opt_algo) {
				case ALGO_JACKPOT:
				case ALGO_QUARK:
					// to stay comparable to other ccminer forks or pools
					rate_factor = 0.5;
					break;
			}

			/* store thread hashrate */
			if (dtime > 0.0) {
				pthread_mutex_lock(&stats_lock);
				thr_hashrates[thr_id] = hashes_done / dtime;
				thr_hashrates[thr_id] *= rate_factor;
				stats_remember_speed(thr_id, hashes_done, thr_hashrates[thr_id], (uint8_t) rc, work.height);
				pthread_mutex_unlock(&stats_lock);
			}
		}

		if (rc > 1)
			work.scanned_to = nonceptr[2];
		else if (rc)
			work.scanned_to = nonceptr[0];
		else {
			work.scanned_to = max_nonce;
			if (opt_debug && opt_benchmark) {
				// to debug nonce ranges
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "GPU #%d:  ends=%08x range=%llx", device_map[thr_id],
					nonceptr[0], (nonceptr[0] - start_nonce));
			}
		}

		if (check_dups)
			hashlog_remember_scan_range(&work);

		/* output */
		if (!opt_quiet && loopcnt) {
			format_hashrate(thr_hashrates[thr_id], s);
			applog(LOG_INFO, "GPU #%d: %s, %s",
				device_map[thr_id], device_name[device_map[thr_id]], s);
		}

		/* loopcnt: ignore first loop hashrate */
		if (loopcnt && thr_id == (opt_n_threads - 1)) {
			double hashrate = 0.;
			pthread_mutex_lock(&stats_lock);
			for (int i = 0; i < opt_n_threads && thr_hashrates[i]; i++)
				hashrate += stats_get_speed(i, thr_hashrates[i]);
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&stats_lock);
			if (opt_benchmark) {
				format_hashrate(hashrate, s);
				applog(LOG_NOTICE, "Total: %s", s);
			}

			// X-Mining-Hashrate
			global_hashrate = llround(hashrate);
		}

		/* if nonce found, submit work */
		if (rc && !opt_benchmark) {
			if (!submit_work(mythr, &work))
				break;

			// prevent stale work in solo
			// we can't submit twice a block!
			if (!have_stratum && !have_longpoll) {
				pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
				// will force getwork
				g_work_time = 0;
				pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
				continue;
			}

			// second nonce found, submit too (on pool only!)
			if (rc > 1 && work.data[21]) {
				work.data[19] = work.data[21];
				work.data[21] = 0;
				if (opt_algo == ALGO_ZR5) {
					// todo: use + 4..6 index for pok to allow multiple nonces
					work.data[0] = work.data[22]; // pok
					work.data[22] = 0;
				}
				if (!submit_work(mythr, &work))
					break;
			}
		}

		loopcnt++;
	}

out:
	tq_freeze(mythr->q);

	return NULL;
}

static void *longpoll_thread(void *userdata)
{
	struct thr_info *mythr = (struct thr_info *)userdata;
	CURL *curl = NULL;
	char *copy_start, *hdr_path = NULL, *lp_url = NULL;
	bool need_slash = false;

	curl = curl_easy_init();
	if (unlikely(!curl)) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "CURL initialization failed");
		goto out;
	}

start:
	hdr_path = (char*)tq_pop(mythr->q, NULL);
	if (!hdr_path)
		goto out;

	/* full URL */
	if (strstr(hdr_path, "://")) {
		lp_url = hdr_path;
		hdr_path = NULL;
	}
	
	/* absolute path, on current server */
	else {
		copy_start = (*hdr_path == '/') ? (hdr_path + 1) : hdr_path;
		if (rpc_url[strlen(rpc_url) - 1] != '/')
			need_slash = true;

		lp_url = (char*)malloc(strlen(rpc_url) + strlen(copy_start) + 2);
		if (!lp_url)
			goto out;

		sprintf(lp_url, "%s%s%s", rpc_url, need_slash ? "/" : "", copy_start);
	}

	applog(LOG_INFO, "Long-polling enabled on %s", lp_url);

	while (1) {
		json_t *val, *soval;
		int err;

		val = json_rpc_call(curl, lp_url, rpc_userpass, rpc_req,
				    false, true, &err);
		if (have_stratum) {
			if (val)
				json_decref(val);
			goto out;
		}
		if (likely(val)) {
			soval = json_object_get(json_object_get(val, "result"), "submitold");
			submit_old = soval ? json_is_true(soval) : false;
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
			if (work_decode(json_object_get(val, "result"), &g_work)) {
				restart_threads();
				if (!opt_quiet)
					applog(LOG_BLUE, "%s detected new block", short_url);
				g_work_time = time(NULL);
			}
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
			json_decref(val);
		} else {
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
			g_work_time -= LP_SCANTIME;
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
			restart_threads();
			if (err != CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT) {
				have_longpoll = false;
				free(hdr_path);
				free(lp_url);
				lp_url = NULL;
				sleep(opt_fail_pause);
				goto start;
			}
		}
	}

out:
	free(hdr_path);
	free(lp_url);
	tq_freeze(mythr->q);
	if (curl)
		curl_easy_cleanup(curl);

	return NULL;
}

static bool stratum_handle_response(char *buf)
{
	json_t *val, *err_val, *res_val, *id_val;
	json_error_t err;
	struct timeval tv_answer, diff;
	bool ret = false;

	val = JSON_LOADS(buf, &err);
	if (!val) {
		applog(LOG_INFO, "JSON decode failed(%d): %s", err.line, err.text);
		goto out;
	}

	res_val = json_object_get(val, "result");
	err_val = json_object_get(val, "error");
	id_val = json_object_get(val, "id");

	if (!id_val || json_is_null(id_val) || !res_val)
		goto out;

	// ignore subscribe late answer (yaamp)
	if (json_integer_value(id_val) < 4)
		goto out;

	gettimeofday(&tv_answer, NULL);
	timeval_subtract(&diff, &tv_answer, &stratum.tv_submit);
	// store time required to the pool to answer to a submit
	stratum.answer_msec = (1000 * diff.tv_sec) + (uint32_t) (0.001 * diff.tv_usec);

	share_result(json_is_true(res_val),
		err_val ? json_string_value(json_array_get(err_val, 1)) : NULL);

	ret = true;
out:
	if (val)
		json_decref(val);

	return ret;
}

static void *stratum_thread(void *userdata)
{
	struct thr_info *mythr = (struct thr_info *)userdata;
	char *s;

	stratum.url = (char*)tq_pop(mythr->q, NULL);
	if (!stratum.url)
		goto out;
	applog(LOG_BLUE, "Starting on %s", stratum.url);

	while (1) {
		int failures = 0;

		if (stratum_need_reset) {
			stratum_need_reset = false;
			stratum_disconnect(&stratum);
			if (strcmp(stratum.url, rpc_url)) {
				free(stratum.url);
				stratum.url = strdup(rpc_url);
				applog(LOG_BLUE, "Connection changed to %s", short_url);
			} else if (!opt_quiet) {
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Stratum connection reset");
			}
		}

		while (!stratum.curl) {
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
			g_work_time = 0;
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
			restart_threads();

			if (!stratum_connect(&stratum, stratum.url) ||
			    !stratum_subscribe(&stratum) ||
			    !stratum_authorize(&stratum, rpc_user, rpc_pass)) {
				stratum_disconnect(&stratum);
				if (opt_retries >= 0 && ++failures > opt_retries) {
					applog(LOG_ERR, "...terminating workio thread");
					tq_push(thr_info[work_thr_id].q, NULL);
					goto out;
				}
				if (!opt_benchmark)
					applog(LOG_ERR, "...retry after %d seconds", opt_fail_pause);
				sleep(opt_fail_pause);
			}
		}

		if (stratum.job.job_id &&
		    (!g_work_time || strncmp(stratum.job.job_id, g_work.job_id + 8, 120))) {
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_work_lock);
			stratum_gen_work(&stratum, &g_work);
			g_work_time = time(NULL);
			if (stratum.job.clean) {
				if (!opt_quiet)
					applog(LOG_BLUE, "%s %s block %d", short_url, algo_names[opt_algo],
						stratum.job.height);
				restart_threads();
				if (check_dups)
					hashlog_purge_old();
				stats_purge_old();
			} else if (opt_debug && !opt_quiet) {
					applog(LOG_BLUE, "%s asks job %d for block %d", short_url,
						strtoul(stratum.job.job_id, NULL, 16), stratum.job.height);
			}
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_work_lock);
		}
		
		if (!stratum_socket_full(&stratum, 120)) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "Stratum connection timed out");
			s = NULL;
		} else
			s = stratum_recv_line(&stratum);
		if (!s) {
			stratum_disconnect(&stratum);
			applog(LOG_ERR, "Stratum connection interrupted");
			continue;
		}
		if (!stratum_handle_method(&stratum, s))
			stratum_handle_response(s);
		free(s);
	}

out:
	return NULL;
}

static void show_version_and_exit(void)
{
	printf("%s v%s\n"
#ifdef WIN32
		"pthreads static %s\n"
#endif
		"%s\n",
		PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION,
#ifdef WIN32
		PTW32_VERSION_STRING,
#endif
		curl_version());
	proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_OK);
}

static void show_usage_and_exit(int status)
{
	if (status)
		fprintf(stderr, "Try `" PROGRAM_NAME " --help' for more information.\n");
	else
		printf(usage);
	if (opt_algo == ALGO_SCRYPT || opt_algo == ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE) {
		printf(scrypt_usage);
	}
	proper_exit(status);
}

void parse_arg(int key, char *arg)
{
	char *p = arg;
	int v, i;
	double d;

	switch(key) {
	case 'a':
		p = strstr(arg, ":"); // optional factor
		if (p) *p = '\0';
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(algo_names); i++) {
			if (algo_names[i] && !strcasecmp(arg, algo_names[i])) {
				opt_algo = (enum sha_algos)i;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(algo_names))
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		if (p) {
			opt_nfactor = atoi(p + 1);
			if (opt_algo == ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE) {
				free(jane_params);
				jane_params = strdup(p+1);
			}
		}
		if (!opt_nfactor) {
			switch (opt_algo) {
			case ALGO_SCRYPT:      opt_nfactor = 9;  break;
			case ALGO_SCRYPT_JANE: opt_nfactor = 14; break;
			}
		}
		break;
	case 'b':
		p = strstr(arg, ":");
		if (p) {
			/* ip:port */
			if (p - arg > 0) {
				free(opt_api_allow);
				opt_api_allow = strdup(arg);
				opt_api_allow[p - arg] = '\0';
			}
			opt_api_listen = atoi(p + 1);
		}
		else if (arg && strstr(arg, ".")) {
			/* ip only */
			free(opt_api_allow);
			opt_api_allow = strdup(arg);
		}
		else if (arg) {
			/* port or 0 to disable */
			opt_api_listen = atoi(arg);
		}
		break;
	case 1030: /* --api-remote */
		opt_api_remote = 1;
		break;
	case 'B':
		opt_background = true;
		break;
	case 'c': {
		json_error_t err;
		if (opt_config)
			json_decref(opt_config);
#if JANSSON_VERSION_HEX >= 0x020000
		opt_config = json_load_file(arg, 0, &err);
#else
		opt_config = json_load_file(arg, &err);
#endif
		if (!json_is_object(opt_config)) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "JSON decode of %s failed", arg);
			proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_USAGE);
		}
		break;
	}
	case 'i':
		d = atof(arg);
		v = (uint32_t) d;
		if (v < 0 || v > 31)
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		{
			int n = 0;
			int ngpus = cuda_num_devices();
			uint32_t last = 0;
			char * pch = strtok(arg,",");
			while (pch != NULL) {
				d = atof(pch);
				v = (uint32_t) d;
				if (v > 7) { /* 0 = default */
					if ((d - v) > 0.0) {
						uint32_t adds = (uint32_t)floor((d - v) * (1 << (v - 8))) * 256;
						gpus_intensity[n] = (1 << v) + adds;
						applog(LOG_INFO, "Adding %u threads to intensity %u, %u cuda threads",
							adds, v, gpus_intensity[n]);
					}
					else if (gpus_intensity[n] != (1 << v)) {
						gpus_intensity[n] = (1 << v);
						applog(LOG_INFO, "Intensity set to %u, %u cuda threads",
							v, gpus_intensity[n]);
					}
				}
				last = gpus_intensity[n];
				n++;
				pch = strtok(NULL, ",");
			}
			while (n < MAX_GPUS)
				gpus_intensity[n++] = last;
		}
		break;
	case 'D':
		opt_debug = true;
		break;
	case 'N':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 1)
			opt_statsavg = INT_MAX;
		opt_statsavg = v;
		break;
	case 'n': /* --ndevs */
		cuda_print_devices();
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_OK);
		break;
	case 'q':
		opt_quiet = true;
		break;
	case 'p':
		free(rpc_pass);
		rpc_pass = strdup(arg);
		break;
	case 'P':
		opt_protocol = true;
		break;
	case 'r':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < -1 || v > 9999)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_retries = v;
		break;
	case 'R':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 1 || v > 9999)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_fail_pause = v;
		break;
	case 's':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 1 || v > 9999)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_scantime = v;
		break;
	case 'T':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 1 || v > 99999)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_timeout = v;
		break;
	case 't':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 0 || v > 9999)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_n_threads = v;
		break;
	case 'v':
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 0 || v > 8192)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_vote = (uint16_t)v;
		break;
	case 'm':
		opt_trust_pool = true;
		break;
	case 'u':
		free(rpc_user);
		rpc_user = strdup(arg);
		break;
	case 'o':			/* --url */
		p = strstr(arg, "://");
		if (p) {
			if (strncasecmp(arg, "http://", 7) && strncasecmp(arg, "https://", 8) &&
					strncasecmp(arg, "stratum+tcp://", 14))
				show_usage_and_exit(1);
			free(rpc_url);
			rpc_url = strdup(arg);
			short_url = &rpc_url[(p - arg) + 3];
		} else {
			if (!strlen(arg) || *arg == '/')
				show_usage_and_exit(1);
			free(rpc_url);
			rpc_url = (char*)malloc(strlen(arg) + 8);
			sprintf(rpc_url, "http://%s", arg);
			short_url = &rpc_url[7];
		}
		p = strrchr(rpc_url, '@');
		if (p) {
			char *sp, *ap;
			*p = '\0';
			ap = strstr(rpc_url, "://") + 3;
			sp = strchr(ap, ':');
			if (sp && sp < p) {
				free(rpc_userpass);
				rpc_userpass = strdup(ap);
				free(rpc_user);
				rpc_user = (char*)calloc(sp - ap + 1, 1);
				strncpy(rpc_user, ap, sp - ap);
				free(rpc_pass);
				rpc_pass = strdup(sp + 1);
			} else {
				free(rpc_user);
				rpc_user = strdup(ap);
			}
			// remove user[:pass]@ from rpc_url
			memmove(ap, p + 1, strlen(p + 1) + 1);
			// host:port only
			short_url = ap;
		}
		have_stratum = !opt_benchmark && !strncasecmp(rpc_url, "stratum", 7);
		break;
	case 'O':			/* --userpass */
		p = strchr(arg, ':');
		if (!p)
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		free(rpc_userpass);
		rpc_userpass = strdup(arg);
		free(rpc_user);
		rpc_user = (char*)calloc(p - arg + 1, 1);
		strncpy(rpc_user, arg, p - arg);
		free(rpc_pass);
		rpc_pass = strdup(p + 1);
		break;
	case 'x':			/* --proxy */
		if (!strncasecmp(arg, "socks4://", 9))
			opt_proxy_type = CURLPROXY_SOCKS4;
		else if (!strncasecmp(arg, "socks5://", 9))
			opt_proxy_type = CURLPROXY_SOCKS5;
#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071200
		else if (!strncasecmp(arg, "socks4a://", 10))
			opt_proxy_type = CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A;
		else if (!strncasecmp(arg, "socks5h://", 10))
			opt_proxy_type = CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME;
#endif
		else
			opt_proxy_type = CURLPROXY_HTTP;
		free(opt_proxy);
		opt_proxy = strdup(arg);
		break;
	case 1001:
		free(opt_cert);
		opt_cert = strdup(arg);
		break;
	case 1002:
		use_colors = false;
		break;
	case 1004:
		opt_autotune = false;
		break;
	case 'l': /* scrypt --launch-config */
		{
			char *last = NULL, *pch = strtok(arg,",");
			int n = 0;
			while (pch != NULL) {
				device_config[n++] = last = strdup(pch);
				pch = strtok(NULL, ",");
			}
			while (n < MAX_GPUS)
				device_config[n++] = last;
		}
		break;
	case 'L': /* scrypt --lookup-gap */
		{
			char *pch = strtok(arg,",");
			int n = 0, last = atoi(arg);
			while (pch != NULL) {
				device_lookup_gap[n++] = last = atoi(pch);
				pch = strtok(NULL, ",");
			}
			while (n < MAX_GPUS)
				device_lookup_gap[n++] = last;
		}
		break;
	case 1050: /* scrypt --interactive */
		{
			char *pch = strtok(arg,",");
			int n = 0, last = atoi(arg);
			while (pch != NULL) {
				device_interactive[n++] = last = atoi(pch);
				pch = strtok(NULL, ",");
			}
			while (n < MAX_GPUS)
				device_interactive[n++] = last;
		}
		break;
	case 1005:
		opt_benchmark = true;
		want_longpoll = false;
		want_stratum = false;
		have_stratum = false;
		break;
	case 1006:
		print_hash_tests();
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_OK);
		break;
	case 1003:
		want_longpoll = false;
		break;
	case 1007:
		want_stratum = false;
		break;
	case 1008:
		opt_time_limit = atoi(arg);
		break;
	case 1011:
		allow_gbt = false;
		break;
	case 'S':
	case 1018:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "Now logging to syslog...");
		use_syslog = true;
		if (arg && strlen(arg)) {
			free(opt_syslog_pfx);
			opt_syslog_pfx = strdup(arg);
		}
		break;
	case 1020:
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < -1)
			v = -1;
		if (v > (1<<num_cpus)-1)
			v = -1;
		opt_affinity = v;
		break;
	case 1021:
		v = atoi(arg);
		if (v < 0 || v > 5)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_priority = v;
		break;
	case 'd': // CB
		{
			int ngpus = cuda_num_devices();
			char * pch = strtok (arg,",");
			opt_n_threads = 0;
			while (pch != NULL) {
				if (pch[0] >= '0' && pch[0] <= '9' && pch[1] == '\0')
				{
					if (atoi(pch) < ngpus)
						device_map[opt_n_threads++] = atoi(pch);
					else {
						applog(LOG_ERR, "Non-existant CUDA device #%d specified in -d option", atoi(pch));
						proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_CUDA_NODEVICE);
					}
				} else {
					int device = cuda_finddevice(pch);
					if (device >= 0 && device < ngpus)
						device_map[opt_n_threads++] = device;
					else {
						applog(LOG_ERR, "Non-existant CUDA device '%s' specified in -d option", pch);
						proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_CUDA_NODEVICE);
					}
				}
				// set number of active gpus
				active_gpus = opt_n_threads;
				pch = strtok (NULL, ",");
			}
		}
		break;
	case 'f': // CH - Divisor for Difficulty
		d = atof(arg);
		if (d == 0)	/* sanity check */
			show_usage_and_exit(1);
		opt_difficulty = d;
		break;
	case 'V':
		show_version_and_exit();
	case 'h':
		show_usage_and_exit(0);
	default:
		show_usage_and_exit(1);
	}

	if (use_syslog)
		use_colors = false;
}

/**
 * Parse json config file
 */
static void parse_config(void)
{
	int i;
	json_t *val;

	if (!json_is_object(opt_config))
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(options); i++) {

		if (!options[i].name)
			break;
		if (!strcmp(options[i].name, "config"))
			continue;

		val = json_object_get(opt_config, options[i].name);
		if (!val)
			continue;

		if (options[i].has_arg && json_is_string(val)) {
			char *s = strdup(json_string_value(val));
			if (!s)
				continue;
			parse_arg(options[i].val, s);
			free(s);
		}
		else if (options[i].has_arg && json_is_integer(val)) {
			char buf[16];
			sprintf(buf, "%d", (int) json_integer_value(val));
			parse_arg(options[i].val, buf);
		}
		else if (options[i].has_arg && json_is_real(val)) {
			char buf[16];
			sprintf(buf, "%f", json_real_value(val));
			parse_arg(options[i].val, buf);
		}
		else if (!options[i].has_arg) {
			if (json_is_true(val))
				parse_arg(options[i].val, (char*) "");
		}
		else
			applog(LOG_ERR, "JSON option %s invalid",
				options[i].name);
	}
}

static void parse_cmdline(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int key;

	while (1) {
#if HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
		key = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options, options, NULL);
#else
		key = getopt(argc, argv, short_options);
#endif
		if (key < 0)
			break;

		parse_arg(key, optarg);
	}
	if (optind < argc) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported non-option argument '%s'\n",
			argv[0], argv[optind]);
		show_usage_and_exit(1);
	}

	parse_config();

	if (opt_algo == ALGO_HEAVY && opt_vote == 9999) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: Heavycoin hash requires block reward vote parameter (see --vote)\n",
			argv[0]);
		show_usage_and_exit(1);
	}
}

#ifndef WIN32
static void signal_handler(int sig)
{
	switch (sig) {
	case SIGHUP:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "SIGHUP received");
		break;
	case SIGINT:
		signal(sig, SIG_IGN);
		applog(LOG_INFO, "SIGINT received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	case SIGTERM:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "SIGTERM received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	}
}
#else
BOOL WINAPI ConsoleHandler(DWORD dwType)
{
	switch (dwType) {
	case CTRL_C_EVENT:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "CTRL_C_EVENT received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	case CTRL_BREAK_EVENT:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "CTRL_BREAK_EVENT received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	case CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	case CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT:
		applog(LOG_INFO, "CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT received, exiting");
		proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_KILLED);
		break;
	default:
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
#endif

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct thr_info *thr;
	long flags;
	int i;

	printf("*** ccminer " PACKAGE_VERSION " for nVidia GPUs by tpruvot@github ***\n");
#ifdef _MSC_VER
	printf("    Built with VC++ 2013 and nVidia CUDA SDK 6.5\n\n");
#else
	printf("    Built with the nVidia CUDA SDK 6.5\n\n");
#endif
	printf("  Originally based on Christian Buchner and Christian H. project\n");
	printf("  Include some of the work of djm34, sp, tsiv and klausT.\n\n");
	printf("BTC donation address: 1AJdfCpLWPNoAMDfHF1wD5y8VgKSSTHxPo (tpruvot)\n\n");

	rpc_user = strdup("");
	rpc_pass = strdup("");
	rpc_url = strdup("");

	jane_params = strdup("");

	pthread_mutex_init(&applog_lock, NULL);

	// number of cpus for thread affinity
#if defined(WIN32)
	SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
	GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
	num_cpus = sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
#elif defined(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF)
	num_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
#elif defined(CTL_HW) && defined(HW_NCPU)
	int req[] = { CTL_HW, HW_NCPU };
	size_t len = sizeof(num_cpus);
	sysctl(req, 2, &num_cpus, &len, NULL, 0);
#else
	num_cpus = 1;
#endif
	if (num_cpus < 1)
		num_cpus = 1;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_GPUS; i++) {
		device_map[i] = i;
		device_name[i] = NULL;
		device_config[i] = NULL;
		device_backoff[i] = is_windows() ? 12 : 2;
		device_lookup_gap[i] = 1;
		device_batchsize[i] = 1024;
		device_interactive[i] = -1;
		device_texturecache[i] = -1;
		device_singlememory[i] = -1;
	}

	// number of gpus
	active_gpus = cuda_num_devices();
	cuda_devicenames();

	/* parse command line */
	parse_cmdline(argc, argv);

	if (!opt_benchmark && !strlen(rpc_url)) {
		// try default config file (user then binary folder)
		char defconfig[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
		get_defconfig_path(defconfig, MAX_PATH, argv[0]);
		if (strlen(defconfig)) {
			if (opt_debug)
				applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Using config %s", defconfig);
			parse_arg('c', defconfig);
			parse_cmdline(argc, argv);
		}
	}

	// extra credits..
	if (opt_algo == ALGO_WHIRLPOOLX) {
		printf("  Whirlpoolx support by Alexis Provos.\n");
		printf("VNL donation address: Vr5oCen8NrY6ekBWFaaWjCUFBH4dyiS57W\n\n");
	}

	if (!opt_benchmark && !strlen(rpc_url)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: no URL supplied\n", argv[0]);
		show_usage_and_exit(1);
	}

	if (!rpc_userpass) {
		rpc_userpass = (char*)malloc(strlen(rpc_user) + strlen(rpc_pass) + 2);
		if (!rpc_userpass)
			return 1;
		sprintf(rpc_userpass, "%s:%s", rpc_user, rpc_pass);
	}

	/* init stratum data.. */
	memset(&stratum.url, 0, sizeof(stratum));

	pthread_mutex_init(&stats_lock, NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&g_work_lock, NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&stratum.sock_lock, NULL);
	pthread_mutex_init(&stratum.work_lock, NULL);

	flags = !opt_benchmark && strncmp(rpc_url, "https:", 6)
	      ? (CURL_GLOBAL_ALL & ~CURL_GLOBAL_SSL)
	      : CURL_GLOBAL_ALL;
	if (curl_global_init(flags)) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "CURL initialization failed");
		return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;
	}

	if (opt_background) {
#ifndef WIN32
		i = fork();
		if (i < 0) proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR);
		if (i > 0) proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_OK);
		i = setsid();
		if (i < 0)
			applog(LOG_ERR, "setsid() failed (errno = %d)", errno);
		i = chdir("/");
		if (i < 0)
			applog(LOG_ERR, "chdir() failed (errno = %d)", errno);
		signal(SIGHUP, signal_handler);
		signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
#else
		HWND hcon = GetConsoleWindow();
		if (hcon) {
			// this method also hide parent command line window
			ShowWindow(hcon, SW_HIDE);
		} else {
			HANDLE h = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
			CloseHandle(h);
			FreeConsole();
		}
#endif
	}

#ifndef WIN32
	/* Always catch Ctrl+C */
	signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
#else
	SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE)ConsoleHandler, TRUE);
	if (opt_priority > 0) {
		DWORD prio = NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
		switch (opt_priority) {
		case 1:
			prio = BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
			break;
		case 2:
			prio = NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
			break;
		case 3:
			prio = ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
			break;
		case 4:
			prio = HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS;
			break;
		case 5:
			prio = REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS;
		}
		SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), prio);
	}
#endif
	if (opt_affinity != -1) {
		if (!opt_quiet)
			applog(LOG_DEBUG, "Binding process to cpu mask %x", opt_affinity);
		affine_to_cpu_mask(-1, opt_affinity);
	}
	if (active_gpus == 0) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "No CUDA devices found! terminating.");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (!opt_n_threads)
		opt_n_threads = active_gpus;

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG_H
	if (use_syslog)
		openlog(opt_syslog_pfx, LOG_PID, LOG_USER);
#endif

	work_restart = (struct work_restart *)calloc(opt_n_threads, sizeof(*work_restart));
	if (!work_restart)
		return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

	thr_info = (struct thr_info *)calloc(opt_n_threads + 4, sizeof(*thr));
	if (!thr_info)
		return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

	/* init workio thread info */
	work_thr_id = opt_n_threads;
	thr = &thr_info[work_thr_id];
	thr->id = work_thr_id;
	thr->q = tq_new();
	if (!thr->q)
		return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

	/* start work I/O thread */
	if (pthread_create(&thr->pth, NULL, workio_thread, thr)) {
		applog(LOG_ERR, "workio thread create failed");
		return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;
	}

	if (want_longpoll && !have_stratum) {
		/* init longpoll thread info */
		longpoll_thr_id = opt_n_threads + 1;
		thr = &thr_info[longpoll_thr_id];
		thr->id = longpoll_thr_id;
		thr->q = tq_new();
		if (!thr->q)
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

		/* start longpoll thread */
		if (unlikely(pthread_create(&thr->pth, NULL, longpoll_thread, thr))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "longpoll thread create failed");
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;
		}
	}

	if (want_stratum) {
		/* init stratum thread info */
		stratum_thr_id = opt_n_threads + 2;
		thr = &thr_info[stratum_thr_id];
		thr->id = stratum_thr_id;
		thr->q = tq_new();
		if (!thr->q)
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

		/* start stratum thread */
		if (unlikely(pthread_create(&thr->pth, NULL, stratum_thread, thr))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "stratum thread create failed");
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;
		}

		if (have_stratum)
			tq_push(thr_info[stratum_thr_id].q, strdup(rpc_url));
	}

#ifdef USE_WRAPNVML
#ifndef WIN32
	/* nvml is currently not the best choice on Windows (only in x64) */
	hnvml = nvml_create();
	if (hnvml)
		applog(LOG_INFO, "NVML GPU monitoring enabled.");
#else
	if (nvapi_init() == 0)
		applog(LOG_INFO, "NVAPI GPU monitoring enabled.");
#endif
	else
		applog(LOG_INFO, "GPU monitoring is not available.");
#endif

	if (opt_api_listen) {
		/* api thread */
		api_thr_id = opt_n_threads + 3;
		thr = &thr_info[api_thr_id];
		thr->id = api_thr_id;
		thr->q = tq_new();
		if (!thr->q)
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

		/* start stratum thread */
		if (unlikely(pthread_create(&thr->pth, NULL, api_thread, thr))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "api thread create failed");
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;
		}
	}

	/* start mining threads */
	for (i = 0; i < opt_n_threads; i++) {
		thr = &thr_info[i];

		thr->id = i;
		thr->gpu.thr_id = i;
		thr->gpu.gpu_id = (uint8_t) device_map[i];
		thr->gpu.gpu_arch = (uint16_t) device_sm[device_map[i]];
		thr->q = tq_new();
		if (!thr->q)
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;

		if (unlikely(pthread_create(&thr->pth, NULL, miner_thread, thr))) {
			applog(LOG_ERR, "thread %d create failed", i);
			return EXIT_CODE_SW_INIT_ERROR;
		}
	}

	applog(LOG_INFO, "%d miner thread%s started, "
		"using '%s' algorithm.",
		opt_n_threads, opt_n_threads > 1 ? "s":"",
		algo_names[opt_algo]);

#ifdef WIN32
	timeBeginPeriod(1); // enable high timer precision (similar to Google Chrome Trick)
#endif

	/* main loop - simply wait for workio thread to exit */
	pthread_join(thr_info[work_thr_id].pth, NULL);

	applog(LOG_INFO, "workio thread dead, exiting.");

	proper_exit(EXIT_CODE_OK);

	return 0;
}