Update coding style and add .clang-format

doc/coding.md

@@ -1,29 +1,17 @@
 Coding
 ====================
 
-Please be consistent with the existing coding style.
-
-Block style:
-```c++
-    bool Function(char* psz, int n)
-    {
-        // Comment summarising what this section of code does
-        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-        {
-            // When something fails, return early
-            if (!Something())
-                return false;
-            ...
-        }
-
-        // Success return is usually at the end
-        return true;
-    }
-```
-- ANSI/Allman block style
-- 4 space indenting, no tabs
-- No extra spaces inside parenthesis; please don't do ( this )
-- No space after function names, one space after if, for and while
+Various coding styles have been used during the history of the codebase,
+and the result is not very consistent. However, we're now trying to converge to
+a single style, so please use it in new code. Old code will be converted
+gradually.
+- Basic rules specified in src/.clang-format. Use a recent clang-format-3.5 to format automatically.
+  - Braces on new lines for namespaces, classes, functions, methods.
+  - Braces on the same line for everything else.
+  - 4 space indentation (no tabs) for every block except namespaces.
+  - No indentation for public/protected/private or for namespaces.
+  - No extra spaces inside parenthesis; don't do ( this )
+  - No space after function names; one space after if, for and while.
 - Includes need to be ordered alphabetically, separate own and foreign headers with a new-line (example key.cpp):
 ```c++
 #include "key.h"
@@ -38,31 +26,29 @@ Block style:
 class CAlpha;
 class CBeta;
 ```
-- When using namespace keyword use the following form:
-```c++
-namespace Foo {
 
+Block style example:
+```c++
+namespace foo
+{
+class Class
+{
+    bool Function(char* psz, int n)
+    {
+        // Comment summarising what this section of code does
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            // When something fails, return early
+            if (!Something())
+                return false;
             ...
+        }
 
-} // Foo
+        // Success return is usually at the end
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+}
 ```
-Variable names begin with the type in lowercase, like nSomeVariable.
-Please don't put the first word of the variable name in lowercase like
-someVariable.
-
-Common types:
-
-    n       integer number: short, unsigned short, int, unsigned int, int64, uint64, sometimes char if used as a number
-    d       double, float
-    f       flag
-    hash    uint256
-    p       pointer or array, one p for each level of indirection
-    psz     pointer to null terminated string
-    str     string object
-    v       vector or similar list objects
-    map     map or multimap
-    set     set or multiset
-    bn      CBigNum
 
 Doxygen comments
 -----------------

src/.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+AccessModifierOffset: -4
+AlignEscapedNewlinesLeft: true
+AlignTrailingComments: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
+BinPackParameters: false
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: false
+BreakBeforeBraces: Linux
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: false
+BreakConstructorInitializersBeforeComma: false
+ColumnLimit:     0
+CommentPragmas:  '^ IWYU pragma:'
+ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+DisableFormat:   false
+ForEachMacros:   [ foreach, Q_FOREACH, BOOST_FOREACH, BOOST_REVERSE_FOREACH ]
+IndentCaseLabels: false
+IndentFunctionDeclarationAfterType: false
+IndentWidth:     4
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
+Language:        Cpp
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 2
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: false
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 1
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 200
+PointerAlignment: Left
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 1
+SpacesInAngles:  false
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
+SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+Standard:        Cpp03
+TabWidth:        8
+UseTab:          Never