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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright (c) 2014-2016 The Bitcoin Core developers
# Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
# file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
#
# Helpful routines for regression testing
#
import os
import sys
from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
from base64 import b64encode
from decimal import Decimal, ROUND_DOWN
import json
import http.client
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
import random
import shutil
import subprocess
import time
import re
import errno
from . import coverage
from .authproxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException
COVERAGE_DIR = None
# The maximum number of nodes a single test can spawn
MAX_NODES = 8
# Don't assign rpc or p2p ports lower than this
PORT_MIN = 11000
# The number of ports to "reserve" for p2p and rpc, each
PORT_RANGE = 5000
BITCOIND_PROC_WAIT_TIMEOUT = 60
class PortSeed:
# Must be initialized with a unique integer for each process
n = None
#Set Mocktime default to OFF.
#MOCKTIME is only needed for scripts that use the
#cached version of the blockchain. If the cached
#version of the blockchain is used without MOCKTIME
#then the mempools will not sync due to IBD.
MOCKTIME = 0
def enable_mocktime():
#For backwared compatibility of the python scripts
#with previous versions of the cache, set MOCKTIME
#to Jan 1, 2014 + (201 * 10 * 60)
global MOCKTIME
MOCKTIME = 1388534400 + (201 * 10 * 60)
def disable_mocktime():
global MOCKTIME
MOCKTIME = 0
def get_mocktime():
return MOCKTIME
def enable_coverage(dirname):
"""Maintain a log of which RPC calls are made during testing."""
global COVERAGE_DIR
COVERAGE_DIR = dirname
def get_rpc_proxy(url, node_number, timeout=None):
"""
Args:
url (str): URL of the RPC server to call
node_number (int): the node number (or id) that this calls to
Kwargs:
timeout (int): HTTP timeout in seconds
Returns:
AuthServiceProxy. convenience object for making RPC calls.
"""
proxy_kwargs = {}
if timeout is not None:
proxy_kwargs['timeout'] = timeout
proxy = AuthServiceProxy(url, **proxy_kwargs)
proxy.url = url # store URL on proxy for info
coverage_logfile = coverage.get_filename(
COVERAGE_DIR, node_number) if COVERAGE_DIR else None
return coverage.AuthServiceProxyWrapper(proxy, coverage_logfile)
def p2p_port(n):
assert(n <= MAX_NODES)
return PORT_MIN + n + (MAX_NODES * PortSeed.n) % (PORT_RANGE - 1 - MAX_NODES)
def rpc_port(n):
return PORT_MIN + PORT_RANGE + n + (MAX_NODES * PortSeed.n) % (PORT_RANGE - 1 - MAX_NODES)
def check_json_precision():
"""Make sure json library being used does not lose precision converting BTC values"""
n = Decimal("20000000.00000003")
satoshis = int(json.loads(json.dumps(float(n)))*1.0e8)
if satoshis != 2000000000000003:
raise RuntimeError("JSON encode/decode loses precision")
def count_bytes(hex_string):
return len(bytearray.fromhex(hex_string))
def bytes_to_hex_str(byte_str):
return hexlify(byte_str).decode('ascii')
def hex_str_to_bytes(hex_str):
return unhexlify(hex_str.encode('ascii'))
def str_to_b64str(string):
return b64encode(string.encode('utf-8')).decode('ascii')
def sync_blocks(rpc_connections, wait=1, timeout=60):
"""
Wait until everybody has the same tip
"""
maxheight = 0
while timeout > 0:
tips = [ x.waitforblockheight(maxheight, int(wait * 1000)) for x in rpc_connections ]
heights = [ x["height"] for x in tips ]
if tips == [ tips[0] ]*len(tips):
return True
if heights == [ heights[0] ]*len(heights): #heights are the same but hashes are not
raise AssertionError("Block sync failed")
timeout -= wait
maxheight = max(heights)
raise AssertionError("Block sync failed")
def sync_chain(rpc_connections, wait=1):
"""
Wait until everybody has the same best block
"""
while True:
counts = [ x.getbestblockhash() for x in rpc_connections ]
if counts == [ counts[0] ]*len(counts):
break
time.sleep(wait)
def sync_mempools(rpc_connections, wait=1, timeout=60):
"""
Wait until everybody has the same transactions in their memory
pools
"""
while timeout > 0:
pool = set(rpc_connections[0].getrawmempool())
num_match = 1
for i in range(1, len(rpc_connections)):
if set(rpc_connections[i].getrawmempool()) == pool:
num_match = num_match+1
if num_match == len(rpc_connections):
return True
time.sleep(wait)
timeout -= wait
raise AssertionError("Mempool sync failed")
bitcoind_processes = {}
def initialize_datadir(dirname, n):
datadir = os.path.join(dirname, "node"+str(n))
if not os.path.isdir(datadir):
os.makedirs(datadir)
rpc_u, rpc_p = rpc_auth_pair(n)
with open(os.path.join(datadir, "bitcoin.conf"), 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
f.write("regtest=1\n")
f.write("rpcuser=" + rpc_u + "\n")
f.write("rpcpassword=" + rpc_p + "\n")
f.write("port="+str(p2p_port(n))+"\n")
f.write("rpcport="+str(rpc_port(n))+"\n")
f.write("listenonion=0\n")
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
return datadir
def rpc_auth_pair(n):
return 'rpcuser💻' + str(n), 'rpcpass🔑' + str(n)
def rpc_url(i, rpchost=None):
rpc_u, rpc_p = rpc_auth_pair(i)
host = '127.0.0.1'
port = rpc_port(i)
if rpchost:
parts = rpchost.split(':')
if len(parts) == 2:
host, port = parts
else:
host = rpchost
return "http://%s:%s@%s:%d" % (rpc_u, rpc_p, host, int(port))
def wait_for_bitcoind_start(process, url, i):
'''
Wait for bitcoind to start. This means that RPC is accessible and fully initialized.
Raise an exception if bitcoind exits during initialization.
'''
while True:
if process.poll() is not None:
raise Exception('bitcoind exited with status %i during initialization' % process.returncode)
try:
rpc = get_rpc_proxy(url, i)
blocks = rpc.getblockcount()
break # break out of loop on success
except IOError as e:
if e.errno != errno.ECONNREFUSED: # Port not yet open?
raise # unknown IO error
except JSONRPCException as e: # Initialization phase
if e.error['code'] != -28: # RPC in warmup?
raise # unkown JSON RPC exception
time.sleep(0.25)
def initialize_chain(test_dir, num_nodes, cachedir):
"""
Create a cache of a 200-block-long chain (with wallet) for MAX_NODES
Afterward, create num_nodes copies from the cache
"""
assert num_nodes <= MAX_NODES
create_cache = False
for i in range(MAX_NODES):
if not os.path.isdir(os.path.join(cachedir, 'node'+str(i))):
create_cache = True
break
if create_cache:
#find and delete old cache directories if any exist
for i in range(MAX_NODES):
if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(cachedir,"node"+str(i))):
shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(cachedir,"node"+str(i)))
# Create cache directories, run bitcoinds:
for i in range(MAX_NODES):
datadir=initialize_datadir(cachedir, i)
args = [ os.getenv("BITCOIND", "bitcoind"), "-server", "-keypool=1", "-datadir="+datadir, "-discover=0" ]
if i > 0:
args.append("-connect=127.0.0.1:"+str(p2p_port(0)))
bitcoind_processes[i] = subprocess.Popen(args)
if os.getenv("PYTHON_DEBUG", ""):
print("initialize_chain: bitcoind started, waiting for RPC to come up")
wait_for_bitcoind_start(bitcoind_processes[i], rpc_url(i), i)
if os.getenv("PYTHON_DEBUG", ""):
print("initialize_chain: RPC succesfully started")
rpcs = []
for i in range(MAX_NODES):
try:
rpcs.append(get_rpc_proxy(rpc_url(i), i))
except:
sys.stderr.write("Error connecting to "+url+"\n")
sys.exit(1)
# Create a 200-block-long chain; each of the 4 first nodes
# gets 25 mature blocks and 25 immature.
# Note: To preserve compatibility with older versions of
# initialize_chain, only 4 nodes will generate coins.
#
# blocks are created with timestamps 10 minutes apart
# starting from 2010 minutes in the past
enable_mocktime()
block_time = get_mocktime() - (201 * 10 * 60)
for i in range(2):
for peer in range(4):
for j in range(25):
set_node_times(rpcs, block_time)
rpcs[peer].generate(1)
block_time += 10*60
# Must sync before next peer starts generating blocks
sync_blocks(rpcs)
# Shut them down, and clean up cache directories:
stop_nodes(rpcs)
disable_mocktime()
for i in range(MAX_NODES):
os.remove(log_filename(cachedir, i, "debug.log"))
os.remove(log_filename(cachedir, i, "db.log"))
os.remove(log_filename(cachedir, i, "peers.dat"))
os.remove(log_filename(cachedir, i, "fee_estimates.dat"))
for i in range(num_nodes):
from_dir = os.path.join(cachedir, "node"+str(i))
to_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, "node"+str(i))
shutil.copytree(from_dir, to_dir)
initialize_datadir(test_dir, i) # Overwrite port/rpcport in bitcoin.conf
def initialize_chain_clean(test_dir, num_nodes):
"""
Create an empty blockchain and num_nodes wallets.
Useful if a test case wants complete control over initialization.
"""
for i in range(num_nodes):
datadir=initialize_datadir(test_dir, i)
def _rpchost_to_args(rpchost):
'''Convert optional IP:port spec to rpcconnect/rpcport args'''
if rpchost is None:
return []
match = re.match('(\[[0-9a-fA-f:]+\]|[^:]+)(?::([0-9]+))?$', rpchost)
if not match:
raise ValueError('Invalid RPC host spec ' + rpchost)
rpcconnect = match.group(1)
rpcport = match.group(2)
if rpcconnect.startswith('['): # remove IPv6 [...] wrapping
rpcconnect = rpcconnect[1:-1]
rv = ['-rpcconnect=' + rpcconnect]
if rpcport:
rv += ['-rpcport=' + rpcport]
return rv
def start_node(i, dirname, extra_args=None, rpchost=None, timewait=None, binary=None):
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
"""
Start a bitcoind and return RPC connection to it
"""
datadir = os.path.join(dirname, "node"+str(i))
if binary is None:
binary = os.getenv("BITCOIND", "bitcoind")
args = [ binary, "-datadir="+datadir, "-server", "-keypool=1", "-discover=0", "-rest", "-mocktime="+str(get_mocktime()) ]
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
if extra_args is not None: args.extend(extra_args)
bitcoind_processes[i] = subprocess.Popen(args)
if os.getenv("PYTHON_DEBUG", ""):
print("start_node: bitcoind started, waiting for RPC to come up")
url = rpc_url(i, rpchost)
wait_for_bitcoind_start(bitcoind_processes[i], url, i)
if os.getenv("PYTHON_DEBUG", ""):
print("start_node: RPC succesfully started")
proxy = get_rpc_proxy(url, i, timeout=timewait)
if COVERAGE_DIR:
coverage.write_all_rpc_commands(COVERAGE_DIR, proxy)
return proxy
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
[qa] Increase wallet-dump RPC timeout Increase wallet-dump RPC timeout from 30 seconds to 1 minute. This avoids a timeout error that seemed to happen regularly (around 50% of builds) on a particular jenkins server during the first getnewaddress RPC call made by the test. The failing stack trace looked like: Unexpected exception caught during testing: timeout('timed out',) File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/test_framework.py", line 146, in main self.run_test() File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/wallet-dump.py", line 73, in run_test addr = self.nodes[0].getnewaddress() File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/coverage.py", line 49, in __call__ return_val = self.auth_service_proxy_instance.__call__(*args, **kwargs) File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/authproxy.py", line 145, in __call__ response = self._request('POST', self.__url.path, postdata.encode('utf-8')) File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/authproxy.py", line 121, in _request return self._get_response() File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/authproxy.py", line 160, in _get_response http_response = self.__conn.getresponse() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 1171, in getresponse response.begin() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 351, in begin version, status, reason = self._read_status() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 313, in _read_status line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1") File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line 374, in readinto return self._sock.recv_into(b)
8 years ago
def start_nodes(num_nodes, dirname, extra_args=None, rpchost=None, timewait=None, binary=None):
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
"""
Start multiple bitcoinds, return RPC connections to them
"""
if extra_args is None: extra_args = [ None for _ in range(num_nodes) ]
if binary is None: binary = [ None for _ in range(num_nodes) ]
rpcs = []
try:
for i in range(num_nodes):
[qa] Increase wallet-dump RPC timeout Increase wallet-dump RPC timeout from 30 seconds to 1 minute. This avoids a timeout error that seemed to happen regularly (around 50% of builds) on a particular jenkins server during the first getnewaddress RPC call made by the test. The failing stack trace looked like: Unexpected exception caught during testing: timeout('timed out',) File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/test_framework.py", line 146, in main self.run_test() File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/wallet-dump.py", line 73, in run_test addr = self.nodes[0].getnewaddress() File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/coverage.py", line 49, in __call__ return_val = self.auth_service_proxy_instance.__call__(*args, **kwargs) File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/authproxy.py", line 145, in __call__ response = self._request('POST', self.__url.path, postdata.encode('utf-8')) File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/authproxy.py", line 121, in _request return self._get_response() File ".../bitcoin/qa/rpc-tests/test_framework/authproxy.py", line 160, in _get_response http_response = self.__conn.getresponse() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 1171, in getresponse response.begin() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 351, in begin version, status, reason = self._read_status() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 313, in _read_status line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1") File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line 374, in readinto return self._sock.recv_into(b)
8 years ago
rpcs.append(start_node(i, dirname, extra_args[i], rpchost, timewait=timewait, binary=binary[i]))
except: # If one node failed to start, stop the others
stop_nodes(rpcs)
raise
return rpcs
def log_filename(dirname, n_node, logname):
return os.path.join(dirname, "node"+str(n_node), "regtest", logname)
def stop_node(node, i):
try:
node.stop()
except http.client.CannotSendRequest as e:
print("WARN: Unable to stop node: " + repr(e))
bitcoind_processes[i].wait(timeout=BITCOIND_PROC_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
del bitcoind_processes[i]
def stop_nodes(nodes):
for node in nodes:
try:
node.stop()
except http.client.CannotSendRequest as e:
print("WARN: Unable to stop node: " + repr(e))
del nodes[:] # Emptying array closes connections as a side effect
wait_bitcoinds()
def set_node_times(nodes, t):
for node in nodes:
node.setmocktime(t)
def wait_bitcoinds():
# Wait for all bitcoinds to cleanly exit
for bitcoind in bitcoind_processes.values():
bitcoind.wait(timeout=BITCOIND_PROC_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
bitcoind_processes.clear()
def connect_nodes(from_connection, node_num):
ip_port = "127.0.0.1:"+str(p2p_port(node_num))
from_connection.addnode(ip_port, "onetry")
# poll until version handshake complete to avoid race conditions
# with transaction relaying
while any(peer['version'] == 0 for peer in from_connection.getpeerinfo()):
time.sleep(0.1)
def connect_nodes_bi(nodes, a, b):
connect_nodes(nodes[a], b)
connect_nodes(nodes[b], a)
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
def find_output(node, txid, amount):
"""
Return index to output of txid with value amount
Raises exception if there is none.
"""
txdata = node.getrawtransaction(txid, 1)
for i in range(len(txdata["vout"])):
if txdata["vout"][i]["value"] == amount:
return i
raise RuntimeError("find_output txid %s : %s not found"%(txid,str(amount)))
def gather_inputs(from_node, amount_needed, confirmations_required=1):
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
"""
Return a random set of unspent txouts that are enough to pay amount_needed
"""
assert(confirmations_required >=0)
utxo = from_node.listunspent(confirmations_required)
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
random.shuffle(utxo)
inputs = []
total_in = Decimal("0.00000000")
while total_in < amount_needed and len(utxo) > 0:
t = utxo.pop()
total_in += t["amount"]
inputs.append({ "txid" : t["txid"], "vout" : t["vout"], "address" : t["address"] } )
if total_in < amount_needed:
raise RuntimeError("Insufficient funds: need %d, have %d"%(amount_needed, total_in))
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
return (total_in, inputs)
def make_change(from_node, amount_in, amount_out, fee):
"""
Create change output(s), return them
"""
outputs = {}
amount = amount_out+fee
change = amount_in - amount
if change > amount*2:
# Create an extra change output to break up big inputs
change_address = from_node.getnewaddress()
# Split change in two, being careful of rounding:
outputs[change_address] = Decimal(change/2).quantize(Decimal('0.00000001'), rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
change = amount_in - amount - outputs[change_address]
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
if change > 0:
outputs[from_node.getnewaddress()] = change
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
return outputs
def send_zeropri_transaction(from_node, to_node, amount, fee):
"""
Create&broadcast a zero-priority transaction.
Returns (txid, hex-encoded-txdata)
Ensures transaction is zero-priority by first creating a send-to-self,
then using its output
estimatefee / estimatepriority RPC methods New RPC methods: return an estimate of the fee (or priority) a transaction needs to be likely to confirm in a given number of blocks. Mike Hearn created the first version of this method for estimating fees. It works as follows: For transactions that took 1 to N (I picked N=25) blocks to confirm, keep N buckets with at most 100 entries in each recording the fees-per-kilobyte paid by those transactions. (separate buckets are kept for transactions that confirmed because they are high-priority) The buckets are filled as blocks are found, and are saved/restored in a new fee_estiamtes.dat file in the data directory. A few variations on Mike's initial scheme: To estimate the fee needed for a transaction to confirm in X buckets, all of the samples in all of the buckets are used and a median of all of the data is used to make the estimate. For example, imagine 25 buckets each containing the full 100 entries. Those 2,500 samples are sorted, and the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the very next block is the 50'th-highest-fee-entry in that sorted list; the estimate of the fee needed to confirm in the next two blocks is the 150'th-highest-fee-entry, etc. That algorithm has the nice property that estimates of how much fee you need to pay to get confirmed in block N will always be greater than or equal to the estimate for block N+1. It would clearly be wrong to say "pay 11 uBTC and you'll get confirmed in 3 blocks, but pay 12 uBTC and it will take LONGER". A single block will not contribute more than 10 entries to any one bucket, so a single miner and a large block cannot overwhelm the estimates.
11 years ago
"""
# Create a send-to-self with confirmed inputs:
self_address = from_node.getnewaddress()
(total_in, inputs) = gather_inputs(from_node, amount+fee*2)
outputs = make_change(from_node, total_in, amount+fee, fee)
outputs[self_address] = float(amount+fee)
self_rawtx = from_node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs)
self_signresult = from_node.signrawtransaction(self_rawtx)
self_txid = from_node.sendrawtransaction(self_signresult["hex"], True)
vout = find_output(from_node, self_txid, amount+fee)
# Now immediately spend the output to create a 1-input, 1-output
# zero-priority transaction:
inputs = [ { "txid" : self_txid, "vout" : vout } ]
outputs = { to_node.getnewaddress() : float(amount) }
rawtx = from_node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs)
signresult = from_node.signrawtransaction(rawtx)
txid = from_node.sendrawtransaction(signresult["hex"], True)
return (txid, signresult["hex"])
def random_zeropri_transaction(nodes, amount, min_fee, fee_increment, fee_variants):
"""
Create a random zero-priority transaction.
Returns (txid, hex-encoded-transaction-data, fee)
"""
from_node = random.choice(nodes)
to_node = random.choice(nodes)
fee = min_fee + fee_increment*random.randint(0,fee_variants)
(txid, txhex) = send_zeropri_transaction(from_node, to_node, amount, fee)
return (txid, txhex, fee)
def random_transaction(nodes, amount, min_fee, fee_increment, fee_variants):
"""
Create a random transaction.
Returns (txid, hex-encoded-transaction-data, fee)
"""
from_node = random.choice(nodes)
to_node = random.choice(nodes)
fee = min_fee + fee_increment*random.randint(0,fee_variants)
(total_in, inputs) = gather_inputs(from_node, amount+fee)
outputs = make_change(from_node, total_in, amount, fee)
outputs[to_node.getnewaddress()] = float(amount)
rawtx = from_node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs)
signresult = from_node.signrawtransaction(rawtx)
txid = from_node.sendrawtransaction(signresult["hex"], True)
return (txid, signresult["hex"], fee)
def assert_fee_amount(fee, tx_size, fee_per_kB):
"""Assert the fee was in range"""
target_fee = tx_size * fee_per_kB / 1000
if fee < target_fee:
raise AssertionError("Fee of %s BTC too low! (Should be %s BTC)"%(str(fee), str(target_fee)))
# allow the wallet's estimation to be at most 2 bytes off
if fee > (tx_size + 2) * fee_per_kB / 1000:
raise AssertionError("Fee of %s BTC too high! (Should be %s BTC)"%(str(fee), str(target_fee)))
def assert_equal(thing1, thing2):
if thing1 != thing2:
raise AssertionError("%s != %s"%(str(thing1),str(thing2)))
def assert_greater_than(thing1, thing2):
if thing1 <= thing2:
raise AssertionError("%s <= %s"%(str(thing1),str(thing2)))
def assert_raises(exc, fun, *args, **kwds):
try:
fun(*args, **kwds)
except exc:
pass
except Exception as e:
raise AssertionError("Unexpected exception raised: "+type(e).__name__)
else:
raise AssertionError("No exception raised")
def assert_is_hex_string(string):
try:
int(string, 16)
except Exception as e:
raise AssertionError(
"Couldn't interpret %r as hexadecimal; raised: %s" % (string, e))
def assert_is_hash_string(string, length=64):
if not isinstance(string, str):
raise AssertionError("Expected a string, got type %r" % type(string))
elif length and len(string) != length:
raise AssertionError(
"String of length %d expected; got %d" % (length, len(string)))
elif not re.match('[abcdef0-9]+$', string):
raise AssertionError(
"String %r contains invalid characters for a hash." % string)
def assert_array_result(object_array, to_match, expected, should_not_find = False):
"""
Pass in array of JSON objects, a dictionary with key/value pairs
to match against, and another dictionary with expected key/value
pairs.
If the should_not_find flag is true, to_match should not be found
in object_array
"""
if should_not_find == True:
assert_equal(expected, { })
num_matched = 0
for item in object_array:
all_match = True
for key,value in to_match.items():
if item[key] != value:
all_match = False
if not all_match:
continue
elif should_not_find == True:
num_matched = num_matched+1
for key,value in expected.items():
if item[key] != value:
raise AssertionError("%s : expected %s=%s"%(str(item), str(key), str(value)))
num_matched = num_matched+1
if num_matched == 0 and should_not_find != True:
raise AssertionError("No objects matched %s"%(str(to_match)))
if num_matched > 0 and should_not_find == True:
raise AssertionError("Objects were found %s"%(str(to_match)))
def satoshi_round(amount):
return Decimal(amount).quantize(Decimal('0.00000001'), rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
# Helper to create at least "count" utxos
# Pass in a fee that is sufficient for relay and mining new transactions.
def create_confirmed_utxos(fee, node, count):
node.generate(int(0.5*count)+101)
utxos = node.listunspent()
iterations = count - len(utxos)
addr1 = node.getnewaddress()
addr2 = node.getnewaddress()
if iterations <= 0:
return utxos
for i in range(iterations):
t = utxos.pop()
inputs = []
inputs.append({ "txid" : t["txid"], "vout" : t["vout"]})
outputs = {}
send_value = t['amount'] - fee
outputs[addr1] = satoshi_round(send_value/2)
outputs[addr2] = satoshi_round(send_value/2)
raw_tx = node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs)
signed_tx = node.signrawtransaction(raw_tx)["hex"]
txid = node.sendrawtransaction(signed_tx)
while (node.getmempoolinfo()['size'] > 0):
node.generate(1)
utxos = node.listunspent()
assert(len(utxos) >= count)
return utxos
# Create large OP_RETURN txouts that can be appended to a transaction
# to make it large (helper for constructing large transactions).
def gen_return_txouts():
# Some pre-processing to create a bunch of OP_RETURN txouts to insert into transactions we create
# So we have big transactions (and therefore can't fit very many into each block)
# create one script_pubkey
script_pubkey = "6a4d0200" #OP_RETURN OP_PUSH2 512 bytes
for i in range (512):
script_pubkey = script_pubkey + "01"
# concatenate 128 txouts of above script_pubkey which we'll insert before the txout for change
txouts = "81"
for k in range(128):
# add txout value
txouts = txouts + "0000000000000000"
# add length of script_pubkey
txouts = txouts + "fd0402"
# add script_pubkey
txouts = txouts + script_pubkey
return txouts
def create_tx(node, coinbase, to_address, amount):
inputs = [{ "txid" : coinbase, "vout" : 0}]
outputs = { to_address : amount }
rawtx = node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs)
signresult = node.signrawtransaction(rawtx)
assert_equal(signresult["complete"], True)
return signresult["hex"]
# Create a spend of each passed-in utxo, splicing in "txouts" to each raw
# transaction to make it large. See gen_return_txouts() above.
def create_lots_of_big_transactions(node, txouts, utxos, fee):
addr = node.getnewaddress()
txids = []
for i in range(len(utxos)):
t = utxos.pop()
inputs = []
inputs.append({ "txid" : t["txid"], "vout" : t["vout"]})
outputs = {}
send_value = t['amount'] - fee
outputs[addr] = satoshi_round(send_value)
rawtx = node.createrawtransaction(inputs, outputs)
newtx = rawtx[0:92]
newtx = newtx + txouts
newtx = newtx + rawtx[94:]
signresult = node.signrawtransaction(newtx, None, None, "NONE")
txid = node.sendrawtransaction(signresult["hex"], True)
txids.append(txid)
return txids
def get_bip9_status(node, key):
info = node.getblockchaininfo()
return info['bip9_softforks'][key]