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Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
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Copyright (c) 2011 Bitcoin Developers
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Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying
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file license.txt or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
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This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in
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the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/). This product includes
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cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) and UPnP
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software written by Thomas Bernard.
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UNIX BUILD NOTES
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================
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To Build
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--------
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cd src/
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make -f makefile.unix # Headless bitcoin
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See readme-qt.rst for instructions on building Bitcoin QT,
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the graphical bitcoin.
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Dependencies
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------------
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Library Purpose Description
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------- ------- -----------
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libssl SSL Support Secure communications
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libdb4.8 Berkeley DB Blockchain & wallet storage
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libboost Boost C++ Library
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miniupnpc UPnP Support Optional firewall-jumping support
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miniupnpc may be used for UPnP port mapping. It can be downloaded from
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http://miniupnp.tuxfamily.org/files/. UPnP support is compiled in and
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turned off by default. Set USE_UPNP to a different value to control this:
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USE_UPNP= No UPnP support - miniupnp not required
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USE_UPNP=0 (the default) UPnP support turned off by default at runtime
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USE_UPNP=1 UPnP support turned on by default at runtime
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Licenses of statically linked libraries:
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Berkeley DB New BSD license with additional requirement that linked
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software must be free open source
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Boost MIT-like license
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miniupnpc New (3-clause) BSD license
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Versions used in this release:
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GCC 4.3.3
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OpenSSL 0.9.8g
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Berkeley DB 4.8.30.NC
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Boost 1.37
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miniupnpc 1.6
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Dependency Build Instructions: Ubuntu & Debian
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----------------------------------------------
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sudo apt-get install build-essential
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sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
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sudo apt-get install libdb4.8-dev
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sudo apt-get install libdb4.8++-dev
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Boost 1.40+: sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
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or Boost 1.37: sudo apt-get install libboost1.37-dev
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If using Boost 1.37, append -mt to the boost libraries in the makefile.
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Dependency Build Instructions: Gentoo
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-------------------------------------
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Note: If you just want to install bitcoind on Gentoo, you can add the Bitcoin
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overlay and use your package manager:
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layman -a bitcoin && emerge bitcoind
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emerge -av1 --noreplace boost glib openssl sys-libs/db:4.8
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Take the following steps to build (no UPnP support):
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cd ${BITCOIN_DIR}/src
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make -f makefile.unix USE_UPNP= BDB_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/db4.8'
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strip bitcoind
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Notes
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-----
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The release is built with GCC and then "strip bitcoind" to strip the debug
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symbols, which reduces the executable size by about 90%.
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miniupnpc
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---------
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tar -xzvf miniupnpc-1.6.tar.gz
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cd miniupnpc-1.6
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make
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sudo su
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make install
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Berkeley DB
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-----------
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You need Berkeley DB 4.8. If you have to build Berkeley DB yourself:
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../dist/configure --enable-cxx
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make
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Boost
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-----
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If you need to build Boost yourself:
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sudo su
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./bootstrap.sh
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./bjam install
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Security
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--------
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To help make your bitcoin installation more secure by making certain attacks impossible to
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exploit even if a vulnerability is found, you can take the following measures:
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* Position Independent Executable
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Build position independent code to take advantage of Address Space Layout Randomization
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offered by some kernels. An attacker who is able to cause execution of code at an arbitrary
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memory location is thwarted if he doesn't know where anything useful is located.
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The stack and heap are randomly located by default but this allows the code section to be
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randomly located as well.
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On an Amd64 processor where a library was not compiled with -fPIC, this will cause an error
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such as: "relocation R_X86_64_32 against `......' can not be used when making a shared object;"
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To build with PIE, use:
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make -f makefile.unix ... -e PIE=1
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To test that you have built PIE executable, install scanelf, part of paxutils, and use:
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scanelf -e ./bitcoin
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The output should contain:
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TYPE
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ET_DYN
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* Non-executable Stack
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If the stack is executable then trivial stack based buffer overflow exploits are possible if
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vulnerable buffers are found. By default, bitcoin should be built with a non-executable stack
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but if one of the libraries it uses asks for an executable stack or someone makes a mistake
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and uses a compiler extension which requires an executable stack, it will silently build an
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executable without the non-executable stack protection.
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To verify that the stack is non-executable after compiling use:
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scanelf -e ./bitcoin
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the output should contain:
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STK/REL/PTL
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RW- R-- RW-
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The STK RW- means that the stack is readable and writeable but not executable.
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