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422 lines
9.9 KiB
422 lines
9.9 KiB
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=pod |
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=head1 NAME |
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openssl - OpenSSL command line tool |
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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B<openssl> |
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I<command> |
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[ I<command_opts> ] |
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[ I<command_args> ] |
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B<openssl> [ B<list-standard-commands> | B<list-message-digest-commands> | B<list-cipher-commands> | B<list-cipher-algorithms> | B<list-message-digest-algorithms> | B<list-public-key-algorithms>] |
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B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<arbitrary options> ] |
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL |
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v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related |
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cryptography standards required by them. |
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The B<openssl> program is a command line tool for using the various |
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cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell. |
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It can be used for |
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o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters |
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o Public key cryptographic operations |
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o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs |
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o Calculation of Message Digests |
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o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers |
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o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests |
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o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail |
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o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification |
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=head1 COMMAND SUMMARY |
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The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of commands (I<command> in the |
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SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments |
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(I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS). |
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The pseudo-commands B<list-standard-commands>, B<list-message-digest-commands>, |
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and B<list-cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names |
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of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, |
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respectively, that are available in the present B<openssl> utility. |
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The pseudo-commands B<list-cipher-algorithms> and |
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B<list-message-digest-algorithms> list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as: |
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from => to |
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The pseudo-command B<list-public-key-algorithms> lists all supported public |
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key algorithms. |
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The pseudo-command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the |
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specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it |
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returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1 |
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and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and |
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nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments |
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are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the |
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same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the |
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availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is |
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not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>, |
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B<list->I<...>B<-commands>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.) |
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=head2 STANDARD COMMANDS |
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=over 10 |
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=item L<B<asn1parse>|asn1parse(1)> |
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Parse an ASN.1 sequence. |
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=item L<B<ca>|ca(1)> |
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Certificate Authority (CA) Management. |
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=item L<B<ciphers>|ciphers(1)> |
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Cipher Suite Description Determination. |
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=item L<B<cms>|cms(1)> |
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CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility |
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=item L<B<crl>|crl(1)> |
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Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management. |
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=item L<B<crl2pkcs7>|crl2pkcs7(1)> |
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CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion. |
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=item L<B<dgst>|dgst(1)> |
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Message Digest Calculation. |
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=item B<dh> |
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Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. |
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Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>. |
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=item L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)> |
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Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by |
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L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)> |
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=item L<B<dsa>|dsa(1)> |
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DSA Data Management. |
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=item L<B<dsaparam>|dsaparam(1)> |
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DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by |
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L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)> |
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=item L<B<ec>|ec(1)> |
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EC (Elliptic curve) key processing |
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=item L<B<ecparam>|ecparam(1)> |
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EC parameter manipulation and generation |
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=item L<B<enc>|enc(1)> |
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Encoding with Ciphers. |
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=item L<B<engine>|engine(1)> |
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Engine (loadble module) information and manipulation. |
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=item L<B<errstr>|errstr(1)> |
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Error Number to Error String Conversion. |
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=item B<gendh> |
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Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. |
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Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>. |
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=item L<B<gendsa>|gendsa(1)> |
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Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by |
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L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkey>|pkey(1)> |
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=item L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> |
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Generation of Private Key or Parameters. |
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=item L<B<genrsa>|genrsa(1)> |
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Generation of RSA Private Key. Superceded by L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)>. |
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=item L<B<nseq>|nseq(1)> |
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Create or examine a netscape certificate sequence |
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=item L<B<ocsp>|ocsp(1)> |
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Online Certificate Status Protocol utility. |
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=item L<B<passwd>|passwd(1)> |
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Generation of hashed passwords. |
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=item L<B<pkcs12>|pkcs12(1)> |
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PKCS#12 Data Management. |
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=item L<B<pkcs7>|pkcs7(1)> |
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PKCS#7 Data Management. |
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=item L<B<pkey>|pkey(1)> |
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Public and private key management. |
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=item L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)> |
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Public key algorithm parameter management. |
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=item L<B<pkeyutl>|pkeyutl(1)> |
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Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility. |
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=item L<B<rand>|rand(1)> |
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Generate pseudo-random bytes. |
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=item L<B<req>|req(1)> |
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PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management. |
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=item L<B<rsa>|rsa(1)> |
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RSA key management. |
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=item L<B<rsautl>|rsautl(1)> |
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RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded |
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by L<B<pkeyutl>|pkeyutl(1)> |
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=item L<B<s_client>|s_client(1)> |
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent |
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connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing |
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purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but |
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internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. |
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=item L<B<s_server>|s_server(1)> |
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This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote |
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clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides |
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only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all |
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functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command |
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line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response |
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facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver. |
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=item L<B<s_time>|s_time(1)> |
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SSL Connection Timer. |
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=item L<B<sess_id>|sess_id(1)> |
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SSL Session Data Management. |
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=item L<B<smime>|smime(1)> |
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S/MIME mail processing. |
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=item L<B<speed>|speed(1)> |
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Algorithm Speed Measurement. |
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=item L<B<spkac>|spkac(1)> |
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SPKAC printing and generating utility |
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=item L<B<ts>|ts(1)> |
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Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server) |
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=item L<B<verify>|verify(1)> |
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X.509 Certificate Verification. |
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=item L<B<version>|version(1)> |
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OpenSSL Version Information. |
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=item L<B<x509>|x509(1)> |
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X.509 Certificate Data Management. |
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=back |
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=head2 MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS |
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=over 10 |
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=item B<md2> |
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MD2 Digest |
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=item B<md5> |
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MD5 Digest |
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=item B<mdc2> |
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MDC2 Digest |
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=item B<rmd160> |
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RMD-160 Digest |
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=item B<sha> |
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SHA Digest |
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=item B<sha1> |
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SHA-1 Digest |
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=item B<sha224> |
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SHA-224 Digest |
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=item B<sha256> |
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SHA-256 Digest |
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=item B<sha384> |
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SHA-384 Digest |
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=item B<sha512> |
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SHA-512 Digest |
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=back |
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=head2 ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS |
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=over 10 |
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=item B<base64> |
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Base64 Encoding |
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=item B<bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb> |
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Blowfish Cipher |
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=item B<cast cast-cbc> |
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CAST Cipher |
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=item B<cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb> |
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CAST5 Cipher |
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=item B<des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb> |
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DES Cipher |
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=item B<des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb> |
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Triple-DES Cipher |
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=item B<idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb> |
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IDEA Cipher |
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=item B<rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb> |
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RC2 Cipher |
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=item B<rc4> |
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RC4 Cipher |
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=item B<rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb> |
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RC5 Cipher |
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=back |
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=head1 PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS |
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Several commands accept password arguments, typically using B<-passin> |
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and B<-passout> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow |
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the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these |
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options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no |
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password argument is given and a password is required then the user is |
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prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current |
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terminal with echoing turned off. |
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=over 10 |
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=item B<pass:password> |
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the actual password is B<password>. Since the password is visible |
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to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used |
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where security is not important. |
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=item B<env:var> |
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obtain the password from the environment variable B<var>. Since |
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the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms |
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(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution. |
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=item B<file:pathname> |
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the first line of B<pathname> is the password. If the same B<pathname> |
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argument is supplied to B<-passin> and B<-passout> arguments then the first |
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line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output |
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password. B<pathname> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example |
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refer to a device or named pipe. |
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=item B<fd:number> |
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read the password from the file descriptor B<number>. This can be used to |
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send the data via a pipe for example. |
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=item B<stdin> |
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read the password from standard input. |
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=back |
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=head1 SEE ALSO |
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L<asn1parse(1)|asn1parse(1)>, L<ca(1)|ca(1)>, L<config(5)|config(5)>, |
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L<crl(1)|crl(1)>, L<crl2pkcs7(1)|crl2pkcs7(1)>, L<dgst(1)|dgst(1)>, |
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L<dhparam(1)|dhparam(1)>, L<dsa(1)|dsa(1)>, L<dsaparam(1)|dsaparam(1)>, |
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L<enc(1)|enc(1)>, L<gendsa(1)|gendsa(1)>, L<genpkey(1)|genpkey(1)>, |
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L<genrsa(1)|genrsa(1)>, L<nseq(1)|nseq(1)>, L<openssl(1)|openssl(1)>, |
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L<passwd(1)|passwd(1)>, |
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L<pkcs12(1)|pkcs12(1)>, L<pkcs7(1)|pkcs7(1)>, L<pkcs8(1)|pkcs8(1)>, |
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L<rand(1)|rand(1)>, L<req(1)|req(1)>, L<rsa(1)|rsa(1)>, |
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L<rsautl(1)|rsautl(1)>, L<s_client(1)|s_client(1)>, |
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L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<s_time(1)|s_time(1)>, |
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L<smime(1)|smime(1)>, L<spkac(1)|spkac(1)>, |
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L<verify(1)|verify(1)>, L<version(1)|version(1)>, L<x509(1)|x509(1)>, |
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L<crypto(3)|crypto(3)>, L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)>, L<x509v3_config(5)|x509v3_config(5)> |
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=head1 HISTORY |
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The openssl(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2. |
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The B<list->I<XXX>B<-commands> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3; |
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The B<list->I<XXX>B<-algorithms> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; |
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the B<no->I<XXX> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a. |
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For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual |
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manual pages. |
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=cut
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