i2pd/Reseed.cpp

#include <string.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <cryptopp/asn.h>
#include <cryptopp/base64.h>
#include <cryptopp/crc.h>
#include <cryptopp/hmac.h>
#include <cryptopp/zinflate.h>
#define CRYPTOPP_ENABLE_NAMESPACE_WEAK 1
#include <cryptopp/arc4.h>
#include "util/I2PEndian.h"
#include "Reseed.h"
#include "util/Log.h"
#include "Identity.h"
#include "crypto/CryptoConst.h"
#include "NetDb.h"
#include "util/util.h"


namespace i2p
{
namespace data
{

    static std::vector<std::string> httpReseedHostList = {
                "http://netdb.i2p2.no/",            // only SU3 (v2) support
                "http://i2p-netdb.innovatio.no/",
                "http://193.150.121.66/netDb/"
            };

    static std::vector<std::string> httpsReseedHostList = {
                // "https://193.150.121.66/netDb/",  // unstable
                // "https://i2p-netdb.innovatio.no/",// Vuln to POODLE
                "https://netdb.i2p2.no/",            // Only SU3 (v2) support
                "https://reseed.i2p-projekt.de/",    // Only HTTPS
                //"https://cowpuncher.drollette.com/netdb/",  // returns error
                "https://netdb.rows.io:444/",
                "https://uk.reseed.i2p2.no:444/"
                // following hosts are fine but don't support AES256 
                /*"https://i2p.mooo.com/netDb/",
                "https://link.mx24.eu/",             // Only HTTPS and SU3 (v2) support
                "https://i2pseed.zarrenspry.info/",  // Only HTTPS and SU3 (v2) support
                "https://ieb9oopo.mooo.com/"         // Only HTTPS and SU3 (v2) support*/
            };
    
    Reseeder::Reseeder()
    {
    }

    Reseeder::~Reseeder()
    {
    }

    bool Reseeder::reseedNow()
    {
        // This method is deprecated
        try
        {
            std::string reseedHost = httpReseedHostList[(rand() % httpReseedHostList.size())];
            LogPrint("Reseeding from ", reseedHost);
            std::string content = i2p::util::http::httpRequest(reseedHost);
            if (content == "")
            {
                LogPrint("Reseed failed");
                return false;
            }
            boost::regex e("<\\s*A\\s+[^>]*href\\s*=\\s*\"([^\"]*)\"", boost::regex::normal | boost::regbase::icase);
            boost::sregex_token_iterator i(content.begin(), content.end(), e, 1);
            boost::sregex_token_iterator j;
            //TODO: Ugly code, try to clean up.
            //TODO: Try to reduce N number of variables
            std::string name;
            std::string routerInfo;
            std::string tmpUrl;
            std::string filename;
            std::string ignoreFileSuffix = ".su3";
            boost::filesystem::path root = i2p::util::filesystem::GetDataDir();
            while (i != j)
            {
                name = *i++;
                if (name.find(ignoreFileSuffix)!=std::string::npos)
                    continue;
                LogPrint("Downloading ", name);
                tmpUrl = reseedHost;
                tmpUrl.append(name);
                routerInfo = i2p::util::http::httpRequest(tmpUrl);
                if (routerInfo.size()==0)
                    continue;
                filename = root.string();
#ifndef _WIN32
                filename += "/netDb/r";
#else
                filename += "\\netDb\\r";
#endif
                filename += name.at(11); // first char in id
#ifndef _WIN32
                filename.append("/");
#else
                filename.append("\\");
#endif
                filename.append(name.c_str());
                std::ofstream outfile (filename, std::ios::binary);
                outfile << routerInfo;
                outfile.close();
            }
            return true;
        }
        catch (std::exception& ex)
        {
            //TODO: error reporting
            return false;
        }
        return false;
    }   

    int Reseeder::ReseedNowSU3 ()
    {
        CryptoPP::AutoSeededRandomPool rnd;
        auto ind = rnd.GenerateWord32 (0, httpReseedHostList.size() - 1 +  httpsReseedHostList.size () - 1);
        std::string reseedHost = (ind < httpReseedHostList.size()) ? httpReseedHostList[ind] : 
            httpsReseedHostList[ind - httpReseedHostList.size()]; 
        return ReseedFromSU3 (reseedHost, ind >= httpReseedHostList.size());
    }

    int Reseeder::ReseedFromSU3 (const std::string& host, bool https)
    {
        std::string url = host + "i2pseeds.su3";
        LogPrint (eLogInfo, "Dowloading SU3 from ", host);
        std::string su3 = https ? HttpsRequest (url) : i2p::util::http::httpRequest (url);
        if (su3.length () > 0)
        {
            std::stringstream s(su3);
            return ProcessSU3Stream (s);
        }
        else
        {
            LogPrint (eLogWarning, "SU3 download failed");
            return 0;
        }
    }
    
    int Reseeder::ProcessSU3File (const char * filename)
    {
        std::ifstream s(filename, std::ifstream::binary);
        if (s.is_open ())   
            return ProcessSU3Stream (s);
        else
        {
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Can't open file ", filename);
            return 0;
        }
    }

    const char SU3_MAGIC_NUMBER[]="I2Psu3"; 
    const uint32_t ZIP_HEADER_SIGNATURE = 0x04034B50;
    const uint32_t ZIP_CENTRAL_DIRECTORY_HEADER_SIGNATURE = 0x02014B50; 
    const uint16_t ZIP_BIT_FLAG_DATA_DESCRIPTOR = 0x0008;   
    int Reseeder::ProcessSU3Stream (std::istream& s)
    {
        char magicNumber[7];
        s.read (magicNumber, 7); // magic number and zero byte 6
        if (strcmp (magicNumber, SU3_MAGIC_NUMBER))
        {
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Unexpected SU3 magic number");    
            return 0;
        }           
        s.seekg (1, std::ios::cur); // su3 file format version
        SigningKeyType signatureType;
        s.read ((char *)&signatureType, 2);  // signature type
        signatureType = be16toh (signatureType);
        uint16_t signatureLength;
        s.read ((char *)&signatureLength, 2);  // signature length
        signatureLength = be16toh (signatureLength);
        s.seekg (1, std::ios::cur); // unused
        uint8_t versionLength;
        s.read ((char *)&versionLength, 1);  // version length  
        s.seekg (1, std::ios::cur); // unused
        uint8_t signerIDLength;
        s.read ((char *)&signerIDLength, 1);  // signer ID length   
        uint64_t contentLength;
        s.read ((char *)&contentLength, 8);  // content length  
        contentLength = be64toh (contentLength);
        s.seekg (1, std::ios::cur); // unused
        uint8_t fileType;
        s.read ((char *)&fileType, 1);  // file type    
        if (fileType != 0x00) //  zip file
        {
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Can't handle file type ", (int)fileType); 
            return 0;
        }
        s.seekg (1, std::ios::cur); // unused
        uint8_t contentType;
        s.read ((char *)&contentType, 1);  // content type  
        if (contentType != 0x03) // reseed data
        {
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Unexpected content type ", (int)contentType); 
            return 0;
        }
        s.seekg (12, std::ios::cur); // unused

        s.seekg (versionLength, std::ios::cur); // skip version
        char signerID[256];
        s.read (signerID, signerIDLength); // signerID
        signerID[signerIDLength] = 0;
        
        //try to verify signature
        auto it = m_SigningKeys.find (signerID);
        if (it != m_SigningKeys.end ())
        {
            // TODO: implement all signature types
            if (signatureType == SIGNING_KEY_TYPE_RSA_SHA512_4096)
            {
                size_t pos = s.tellg ();
                size_t tbsLen = pos + contentLength;
                uint8_t * tbs = new uint8_t[tbsLen];
                s.seekg (0, std::ios::beg);
                s.read ((char *)tbs, tbsLen);
                uint8_t * signature = new uint8_t[signatureLength];
                s.read ((char *)signature, signatureLength);
                // RSA-raw
                i2p::crypto::RSASHA5124096RawVerifier verifier(it->second);
                verifier.Update (tbs, tbsLen);
                if (!verifier.Verify (signature))
                    LogPrint (eLogWarning, "SU3 signature verification failed");
                delete[] signature;
                delete[] tbs;
                s.seekg (pos, std::ios::beg);
            }
            else
                LogPrint (eLogWarning, "Signature type ", signatureType, " is not supported");
        }
        else
            LogPrint (eLogWarning, "Certificate for ", signerID, " not loaded");
        
        // handle content
        int numFiles = 0;
        size_t contentPos = s.tellg ();
        while (!s.eof ())
        {   
            uint32_t signature;
            s.read ((char *)&signature, 4);
            signature = le32toh (signature);
            if (signature == ZIP_HEADER_SIGNATURE)
            {
                // next local file
                s.seekg (2, std::ios::cur); // version
                uint16_t bitFlag;
                s.read ((char *)&bitFlag, 2);   
                bitFlag = le16toh (bitFlag);
                uint16_t compressionMethod;
                s.read ((char *)&compressionMethod, 2); 
                compressionMethod = le16toh (compressionMethod);
                s.seekg (4, std::ios::cur); // skip fields we don't care about
                uint32_t compressedSize, uncompressedSize; 
                uint8_t crc32[4];
                s.read ((char *)crc32, 4);  
                s.read ((char *)&compressedSize, 4);    
                compressedSize = le32toh (compressedSize);  
                s.read ((char *)&uncompressedSize, 4);
                uncompressedSize = le32toh (uncompressedSize);  
                uint16_t fileNameLength, extraFieldLength; 
                s.read ((char *)&fileNameLength, 2);    
                fileNameLength = le16toh (fileNameLength);
                s.read ((char *)&extraFieldLength, 2);
                extraFieldLength = le16toh (extraFieldLength);
                char localFileName[255];
                s.read (localFileName, fileNameLength);
                localFileName[fileNameLength] = 0;
                s.seekg (extraFieldLength, std::ios::cur);
                // take care about data desriptor if presented
                if (bitFlag & ZIP_BIT_FLAG_DATA_DESCRIPTOR)
                {
                    size_t pos = s.tellg ();
                    if (!FindZipDataDescriptor (s))
                    {
                        LogPrint (eLogError, "SU3 archive data descriptor not found");
                        return numFiles;
                    }                               
    
                    s.read ((char *)crc32, 4);  
                    s.read ((char *)&compressedSize, 4);    
                    compressedSize = le32toh (compressedSize) + 4; // ??? we must consider signature as part of compressed data
                    s.read ((char *)&uncompressedSize, 4);
                    uncompressedSize = le32toh (uncompressedSize);  

                    // now we know compressed and uncompressed size
                    s.seekg (pos, std::ios::beg); // back to compressed data
                }

                LogPrint (eLogDebug, "Proccessing file ", localFileName, " ", compressedSize, " bytes");
                if (!compressedSize)
                {
                    LogPrint (eLogWarning, "Unexpected size 0. Skipped");
                    continue;
                }   
                
                uint8_t * compressed = new uint8_t[compressedSize];
                s.read ((char *)compressed, compressedSize);
                if (compressionMethod) // we assume Deflate
                {
                    CryptoPP::Inflator decompressor;
                    decompressor.Put (compressed, compressedSize);  
                    decompressor.MessageEnd();
                    if (decompressor.MaxRetrievable () <= uncompressedSize)
                    {
                        uint8_t * uncompressed = new uint8_t[uncompressedSize]; 
                        decompressor.Get (uncompressed, uncompressedSize);  
                        if (CryptoPP::CRC32().VerifyDigest (crc32, uncompressed, uncompressedSize))
                        {
                            i2p::data::netdb.AddRouterInfo (uncompressed, uncompressedSize);
                            numFiles++;
                        }
                        else
                            LogPrint (eLogError, "CRC32 verification failed");
                        delete[] uncompressed;
                    }
                    else
                        LogPrint (eLogError, "Actual uncompressed size ", decompressor.MaxRetrievable (), " exceed ", uncompressedSize, " from header");
                }   
                else // no compression
                {
                    i2p::data::netdb.AddRouterInfo (compressed, compressedSize);
                    numFiles++;
                }   
                delete[] compressed;
                if (bitFlag & ZIP_BIT_FLAG_DATA_DESCRIPTOR)
                    s.seekg (12, std::ios::cur); // skip data descriptor section if presented (12 = 16 - 4)
            }
            else
            {
                if (signature != ZIP_CENTRAL_DIRECTORY_HEADER_SIGNATURE)
                    LogPrint (eLogWarning, "Missing zip central directory header");
                break; // no more files
            }
            size_t end = s.tellg ();
            if (end - contentPos >= contentLength)
                break; // we are beyond contentLength
        }
        return numFiles;
    }

    const uint8_t ZIP_DATA_DESCRIPTOR_SIGNATURE[] = { 0x50, 0x4B, 0x07, 0x08 }; 
    bool Reseeder::FindZipDataDescriptor (std::istream& s)
    {
        size_t nextInd = 0; 
        while (!s.eof ())
        {
            uint8_t nextByte;
            s.read ((char *)&nextByte, 1);
            if (nextByte == ZIP_DATA_DESCRIPTOR_SIGNATURE[nextInd]) 
            {
                nextInd++;
                if (nextInd >= sizeof (ZIP_DATA_DESCRIPTOR_SIGNATURE))
                    return true;
            }
            else
                nextInd = 0;
        }
        return false;
    }

    const char CERTIFICATE_HEADER[] = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
    const char CERTIFICATE_FOOTER[] = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
    void Reseeder::LoadCertificate (const std::string& filename)
    {
        std::ifstream s(filename, std::ifstream::binary);
        if (s.is_open ())   
        {
            s.seekg (0, std::ios::end);
            size_t len = s.tellg ();
            s.seekg (0, std::ios::beg);
            char buf[2048];
            s.read (buf, len);
            std::string cert (buf, len);
            // assume file in pem format
            auto pos1 = cert.find (CERTIFICATE_HEADER); 
            auto pos2 = cert.find (CERTIFICATE_FOOTER); 
            if (pos1 == std::string::npos || pos2 == std::string::npos)
            {
                LogPrint (eLogError, "Malformed certificate file");
                return;
            }   
            pos1 += strlen (CERTIFICATE_HEADER);
            pos2 -= pos1;
            std::string base64 = cert.substr (pos1, pos2);

            CryptoPP::ByteQueue queue;
            CryptoPP::Base64Decoder decoder; // regular base64 rather than I2P 
            decoder.Attach (new CryptoPP::Redirector (queue));
            decoder.Put ((const uint8_t *)base64.data(), base64.length());
            decoder.MessageEnd ();
            
            LoadCertificate (queue);
        }
        else
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Can't open certificate file ", filename);
    }

    std::string Reseeder::LoadCertificate (CryptoPP::ByteQueue& queue)
    {
        // extract X.509
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder x509Cert (queue);
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder tbsCert (x509Cert);
        // version
        uint32_t ver;
        CryptoPP::BERGeneralDecoder context (tbsCert, CryptoPP::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | CryptoPP::CONSTRUCTED);
        CryptoPP::BERDecodeUnsigned<uint32_t>(context, ver, CryptoPP::INTEGER);
        // serial
        CryptoPP::Integer serial;
        serial.BERDecode(tbsCert);  
        // signature
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder signature (tbsCert);
        signature.SkipAll();
        
        // issuer
        std::string name;
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder issuer (tbsCert);
        {
            CryptoPP::BERSetDecoder c (issuer); c.SkipAll();
            CryptoPP::BERSetDecoder st (issuer); st.SkipAll();
            CryptoPP::BERSetDecoder l (issuer); l.SkipAll();
            CryptoPP::BERSetDecoder o (issuer); o.SkipAll();
            CryptoPP::BERSetDecoder ou (issuer); ou.SkipAll();
            CryptoPP::BERSetDecoder cn (issuer);
            {       
                CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder attributes (cn);
                {           
                    CryptoPP::BERGeneralDecoder ident(attributes, CryptoPP::OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
                    ident.SkipAll ();
                    CryptoPP::BERDecodeTextString (attributes, name, CryptoPP::UTF8_STRING);
                }   
            }   
        }   
        issuer.SkipAll();
        // validity
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder validity (tbsCert);
        validity.SkipAll();
        // subject
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder subject (tbsCert);
        subject.SkipAll();
        // public key
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder publicKey (tbsCert);
        {           
            CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder ident (publicKey);
            ident.SkipAll ();
            CryptoPP::BERGeneralDecoder key (publicKey, CryptoPP::BIT_STRING);
            key.Skip (1); // FIXME: probably bug in crypto++
            CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder keyPair (key);
            CryptoPP::Integer n;
            n.BERDecode (keyPair);
            if (name.length () > 0) 
            {   
                PublicKey value;
                n.Encode (value, 512);
                m_SigningKeys[name] = value;
            }       
            else
                LogPrint (eLogWarning, "Unknown issuer. Skipped");
        }   
        publicKey.SkipAll();
        
        tbsCert.SkipAll();
        x509Cert.SkipAll();
        return name;
    }   
    
    void Reseeder::LoadCertificates ()
    {
        boost::filesystem::path reseedDir = i2p::util::filesystem::GetCertificatesDir() / "reseed";
        
        if (!boost::filesystem::exists (reseedDir))
        {
            LogPrint (eLogWarning, "Reseed certificates not loaded. ", reseedDir, " doesn't exist");
            return;
        }

        int numCertificates = 0;
        boost::filesystem::directory_iterator end; // empty
        for (boost::filesystem::directory_iterator it (reseedDir); it != end; ++it)
        {
            if (boost::filesystem::is_regular_file (it->status()) && it->path ().extension () == ".crt")
            {   
                LoadCertificate (it->path ().string ());
                numCertificates++;
            }   
        }   
        LogPrint (eLogInfo, numCertificates, " certificates loaded");
    }   

    std::string Reseeder::HttpsRequest (const std::string& address)
    {
        i2p::util::http::url u(address);
        if (u.port_ == 80) u.port_ = 443; 
        TlsSession session (u.host_, u.port_);
        
        if (session.IsEstablished ())
        {
            // send request     
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << "GET " << u.path_ << " HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " << u.host_
            << "\r\nAccept: */*\r\n" << "User-Agent: Wget/1.11.4\r\n" << "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";   
            session.Send ((uint8_t *)ss.str ().c_str (), ss.str ().length ());

            // read response
            std::stringstream rs;
            while (session.Receive (rs))
                ;
            return i2p::util::http::GetHttpContent (rs);
        }
        else
            return "";
    }   

//-------------------------------------------------------------

    template<class Hash>
    class TlsCipherMAC: public TlsCipher
    {
        public:

            TlsCipherMAC (const uint8_t * keys):  m_Seqn (0)
            {
                memcpy (m_MacKey, keys, Hash::DIGESTSIZE);
            }
            
            void CalculateMAC (uint8_t type, const uint8_t * buf, size_t len, uint8_t * mac)
            {
                uint8_t header[13]; // seqn (8) + type (1) + version (2) + length (2)
                htobe64buf (header, m_Seqn);
                header[8] = type; header[9] = 3; header[10] = 3; // 3,3 means TLS 1.2 
                htobe16buf (header + 11, len);
                CryptoPP::HMAC<Hash> hmac (m_MacKey, Hash::DIGESTSIZE); 
                hmac.Update (header, 13);
                hmac.Update (buf, len);
                hmac.Final (mac);   
                m_Seqn++;
            }
            
        private:

            uint64_t m_Seqn;
            uint8_t m_MacKey[Hash::DIGESTSIZE]; // client   
    };  

    template<class Hash>
    class TlsCipher_AES_256_CBC: public TlsCipherMAC<Hash>
    {
        public:

            TlsCipher_AES_256_CBC (const uint8_t * keys): TlsCipherMAC<Hash> (keys)
            {
                m_Encryption.SetKey (keys + 2*Hash::DIGESTSIZE);
                m_Decryption.SetKey (keys + 2*Hash::DIGESTSIZE + 32);
            }

            size_t Encrypt (const uint8_t * in, size_t len, const uint8_t * mac, uint8_t * out)
            {
                size_t size = 0;
                m_Rnd.GenerateBlock (out, 16); // iv
                size += 16;
                m_Encryption.SetIV (out);
                memcpy (out + size, in, len);
                size += len;
                memcpy (out + size, mac, Hash::DIGESTSIZE);
                size += Hash::DIGESTSIZE;   
                uint8_t paddingSize = size + 1;
                paddingSize &= 0x0F;  // %16
                if (paddingSize > 0) paddingSize = 16 - paddingSize;
                memset (out + size, paddingSize, paddingSize + 1); // paddind and last byte are equal to padding size
                size += paddingSize + 1;
                m_Encryption.Encrypt (out + 16, size - 16, out + 16);
                return size;    
            }

            size_t Decrypt (uint8_t * buf, size_t len) // payload is buf + 16   
            {
                m_Decryption.SetIV (buf);
                m_Decryption.Decrypt (buf + 16, len - 16, buf + 16);
                return len - 16 - Hash::DIGESTSIZE - buf[len -1] - 1; // IV(16), mac(32 or 20) and padding
            }   

            size_t GetIVSize () const { return 16; };
            
        private:

            CryptoPP::AutoSeededRandomPool m_Rnd;
            i2p::crypto::CBCEncryption m_Encryption;
            i2p::crypto::CBCDecryption m_Decryption; 
    };  


    class TlsCipher_RC4_SHA: public TlsCipherMAC<CryptoPP::SHA1>
    {
        public:

            TlsCipher_RC4_SHA (const uint8_t * keys): TlsCipherMAC (keys)
            {
                m_Encryption.SetKey (keys + 40, 16); // 20 + 20
                m_Decryption.SetKey (keys + 56, 16); // 20 + 20 + 16
            }

            size_t Encrypt (const uint8_t * in, size_t len, const uint8_t * mac, uint8_t * out)
            {
                memcpy (out, in, len);
                memcpy (out + len, mac, 20);
                m_Encryption.ProcessData (out, out, len + 20);
                return len + 20;
            }   
            
            size_t Decrypt (uint8_t * buf, size_t len) 
            {
                m_Decryption.ProcessData (buf, buf, len);
                return len - 20; 
            }   
            
        private:

            CryptoPP::Weak1::ARC4 m_Encryption, m_Decryption;
    };  

    
    TlsSession::TlsSession (const std::string& host, int port):
        m_IsEstablished (false), m_Cipher (nullptr)
    {
        m_Site.connect(host, boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(port));
        if (m_Site.good ())
            Handshake ();
        else
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Can't connect to ", host, ":", port);
    }   
    
    TlsSession::~TlsSession ()
    {
        delete m_Cipher;
    }

    void TlsSession::Handshake ()
    {
        static uint8_t clientHello[] = 
        {
            0x16, // handshake
            0x03, 0x03, // version (TLS 1.2)
            0x00, 0x33, // length of handshake
            // handshake
            0x01, // handshake type (client hello)
            0x00, 0x00, 0x2F, // length of handshake payload 
            // client hello
            0x03, 0x03, // highest version supported (TLS 1.2)
            0x45, 0xFA, 0x01, 0x19, 0x74, 0x55, 0x18, 0x36, 
            0x42, 0x05, 0xC1, 0xDD, 0x4A, 0x21, 0x80, 0x80, 
            0xEC, 0x37, 0x11, 0x93, 0x16, 0xF4, 0x66, 0x00, 
            0x12, 0x67, 0xAB, 0xBA, 0xFF, 0x29, 0x13, 0x9E, // 32 random bytes
            0x00, // session id length
            0x00, 0x06, // chiper suites length
            0x00, 0x3D, // RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
            0x00, 0x35, // RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
            0x00, 0x05, // RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
            0x01, // compression methods length
            0x00,  // no compression
            0x00, 0x00 // extensions length
        };  

        static uint8_t changeCipherSpecs[] =
        {
            0x14, // change cipher specs
            0x03, 0x03, // version (TLS 1.2)
            0x00, 0x01, // length
            0x01 // type
        };
    
        // send ClientHello
        m_Site.write ((char *)clientHello, sizeof (clientHello));
        m_FinishedHash.Update (clientHello + 5, sizeof (clientHello) - 5);
        // read ServerHello
        uint8_t type;
        m_Site.read ((char *)&type, 1); 
        uint16_t version;
        m_Site.read ((char *)&version, 2); 
        uint16_t length;
        m_Site.read ((char *)&length, 2); 
        length = be16toh (length);
        char * serverHello = new char[length];
        m_Site.read (serverHello, length);
        m_FinishedHash.Update ((uint8_t *)serverHello, length);
        uint8_t serverRandom[32];
        if (serverHello[0] == 0x02) // handshake type server hello
            memcpy (serverRandom, serverHello + 6, 32);
        else
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Unexpected handshake type ", (int)serverHello[0]);
        uint8_t sessionIDLen = serverHello[38]; // 6 + 32
        char * cipherSuite = serverHello + 39 + sessionIDLen;
        if (cipherSuite[1] == 0x3D || cipherSuite[1] == 0x35 || cipherSuite[1] == 0x05)
            m_IsEstablished = true; 
        else
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Unsupported cipher ", (int)cipherSuite[0], ",", (int)cipherSuite[1]); 
        // read Certificate
        m_Site.read ((char *)&type, 1); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&version, 2); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&length, 2); 
        length = be16toh (length);
        char * certificate = new char[length];
        m_Site.read (certificate, length);
        m_FinishedHash.Update ((uint8_t *)certificate, length);
        CryptoPP::RSA::PublicKey publicKey;
        // 0 - handshake type
        // 1 - 3 - handshake payload length
        // 4 - 6 - length of array of certificates
        // 7 - 9 - length of certificate
        if (certificate[0] == 0x0B) // handshake type certificate
            publicKey = ExtractPublicKey ((uint8_t *)certificate + 10, length - 10);
        else
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Unexpected handshake type ", (int)certificate[0]);
        // read ServerHelloDone
        m_Site.read ((char *)&type, 1); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&version, 2); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&length, 2); 
        length = be16toh (length);
        char * serverHelloDone = new char[length];
        m_Site.read (serverHelloDone, length);
        m_FinishedHash.Update ((uint8_t *)serverHelloDone, length);
        if (serverHelloDone[0] != 0x0E) // handshake type hello done
            LogPrint (eLogError, "Unexpected handshake type ", (int)serverHelloDone[0]);
        // our turn now
        // generate secret key
        uint8_t secret[48]; 
        secret[0] = 3; secret[1] = 3; // version
        CryptoPP::AutoSeededRandomPool rnd; 
        rnd.GenerateBlock (secret + 2, 46); // 46 random bytes
        // encrypt RSA
        CryptoPP::RSAES_PKCS1v15_Encryptor encryptor(publicKey);
        size_t encryptedLen = encryptor.CiphertextLength (48); // number of bytes for encrypted 48 bytes, usually 256 (2048 bits key)
        uint8_t * encrypted = new uint8_t[encryptedLen + 2]; // + 2 bytes for length
        htobe16buf (encrypted, encryptedLen); // first two bytes means length 
        encryptor.Encrypt (rnd, secret, 48, encrypted + 2);
        // send ClientKeyExchange
        // 0x10 - handshake type "client key exchange"
        SendHandshakeMsg (0x10, encrypted, encryptedLen + 2);
        delete[] encrypted;
        // send ChangeCipherSpecs
        m_Site.write ((char *)changeCipherSpecs, sizeof (changeCipherSpecs));
        // calculate master secret
        uint8_t random[64];
        memcpy (random, clientHello + 11, 32);
        memcpy (random + 32, serverRandom, 32);
        PRF (secret, "master secret", random, 64, 48, m_MasterSecret);          
        // create keys
        memcpy (random, serverRandom, 32);
        memcpy (random + 32, clientHello + 11, 32); 
        uint8_t keys[128]; // clientMACKey(32 or 20), serverMACKey(32 or 20), clientKey(32), serverKey(32)
        PRF (m_MasterSecret, "key expansion", random, 64, 128, keys); 
        // create cipher
        if (cipherSuite[1] == 0x3D)
        {
            LogPrint (eLogInfo, "Chiper suite is RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256"); 
            m_Cipher = new TlsCipher_AES_256_CBC<CryptoPP::SHA256> (keys);
        }
        else if (cipherSuite[1] == 0x35)
        {
            LogPrint (eLogInfo, "Chiper suite is RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"); 
            m_Cipher = new TlsCipher_AES_256_CBC<CryptoPP::SHA1> (keys);
        }   
        else
        {
            // TODO:
            if (cipherSuite[1] == 0x05)
                LogPrint (eLogInfo, "Chiper suite is RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA");
            m_Cipher = new TlsCipher_RC4_SHA (keys);
        }
        // send finished
        SendFinishedMsg ();
        // read ChangeCipherSpecs
        uint8_t changeCipherSpecs1[6];
        m_Site.read ((char *)changeCipherSpecs1, 6);
        // read finished
        m_Site.read ((char *)&type, 1); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&version, 2); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&length, 2); 
        length = be16toh (length);
        char * finished1 = new char[length];
        m_Site.read (finished1, length);
        m_Cipher->Decrypt ((uint8_t *)finished1, length); // for streaming ciphers
        delete[] finished1;

        delete[] serverHello;
        delete[] certificate;
        delete[] serverHelloDone;
    }

    void TlsSession::SendHandshakeMsg (uint8_t handshakeType, uint8_t * data, size_t len)
    {
        uint8_t handshakeHeader[9];
        handshakeHeader[0] = 0x16; // handshake
        handshakeHeader[1] = 0x03; handshakeHeader[2] = 0x03; // version is always TLS 1.2 (3,3) 
        htobe16buf (handshakeHeader + 3, len + 4); // length of payload
        //payload starts
        handshakeHeader[5] = handshakeType; // handshake type
        handshakeHeader[6] = 0; // highest byte of payload length is always zero
        htobe16buf (handshakeHeader + 7, len); // length of data
        m_Site.write ((char *)handshakeHeader, 9);
        m_FinishedHash.Update (handshakeHeader + 5, 4); // only payload counts
        m_Site.write ((char *)data, len);
        m_FinishedHash.Update (data, len);
    }

    void TlsSession::SendFinishedMsg ()
    {
        // 0x16  handshake
        // 0x03, 0x03  version (TLS 1.2)
        // 2 bytes length of handshake (80 or 64 bytes)
        // handshake (encrypted)
        // unencrypted context
        // 0x14 handshake type (finished)
        // 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C  length of handshake payload 
        // 12 bytes of verified data

        uint8_t finishedHashDigest[32], finishedPayload[40], encryptedPayload[80];
        finishedPayload[0] = 0x14; // handshake type (finished)
        finishedPayload[1] = 0; finishedPayload[2] = 0; finishedPayload[3] = 0x0C; // 12 bytes
        m_FinishedHash.Final (finishedHashDigest);
        PRF (m_MasterSecret, "client finished", finishedHashDigest, 32, 12, finishedPayload + 4);
        uint8_t mac[32];
        m_Cipher->CalculateMAC (0x16, finishedPayload, 16, mac);
        size_t encryptedPayloadSize = m_Cipher->Encrypt (finishedPayload, 16, mac, encryptedPayload);
        uint8_t finished[5];
        finished[0] = 0x16; // handshake
        finished[1] = 0x03; finished[2] = 0x03; // version is always TLS 1.2 (3,3) 
        htobe16buf (finished + 3, encryptedPayloadSize); // length of payload   
        m_Site.write ((char *)finished, sizeof (finished));
        m_Site.write ((char *)encryptedPayload, encryptedPayloadSize);
    }

    void TlsSession::PRF (const uint8_t * secret, const char * label, const uint8_t * random, size_t randomLen,
        size_t len, uint8_t * buf)
    {
        // secret is assumed 48 bytes   
        // random is not more than 64 bytes
        CryptoPP::HMAC<CryptoPP::SHA256> hmac (secret, 48); 
        uint8_t seed[96]; size_t seedLen;
        seedLen = strlen (label);   
        memcpy (seed, label, seedLen);
        memcpy (seed + seedLen, random, randomLen);
        seedLen += randomLen;

        size_t offset = 0;
        uint8_t a[128];
        hmac.CalculateDigest (a, seed, seedLen);
        while (offset < len)
        {
            memcpy (a + 32, seed, seedLen);
            hmac.CalculateDigest (buf + offset, a, seedLen + 32);
            offset += 32;
            hmac.CalculateDigest (a, a, 32);
        }
    }

    CryptoPP::RSA::PublicKey TlsSession::ExtractPublicKey (const uint8_t * certificate, size_t len)
    {
        CryptoPP::ByteQueue queue;
        queue.Put (certificate, len);   
        queue.MessageEnd ();
        // extract X.509
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder x509Cert (queue);
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder tbsCert (x509Cert);
        // version
        uint32_t ver;
        CryptoPP::BERGeneralDecoder context (tbsCert, CryptoPP::CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | CryptoPP::CONSTRUCTED);
        CryptoPP::BERDecodeUnsigned<uint32_t>(context, ver, CryptoPP::INTEGER);
        // serial
        CryptoPP::Integer serial;
        serial.BERDecode(tbsCert);  
        // signature
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder signature (tbsCert);
        signature.SkipAll();
        // issuer
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder issuer (tbsCert);
        issuer.SkipAll();
        // validity
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder validity (tbsCert);
        validity.SkipAll();
        // subject
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder subject (tbsCert);
        subject.SkipAll();
        // public key
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder publicKey (tbsCert);           
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder ident (publicKey);
        ident.SkipAll ();
        CryptoPP::BERGeneralDecoder key (publicKey, CryptoPP::BIT_STRING);
        key.Skip (1); // FIXME: probably bug in crypto++
        CryptoPP::BERSequenceDecoder keyPair (key);
        CryptoPP::Integer n, e;
        n.BERDecode (keyPair);
        e.BERDecode (keyPair);

        CryptoPP::RSA::PublicKey ret; 
        ret.Initialize (n, e);
        return ret;
    }       

    void TlsSession::Send (const uint8_t * buf, size_t len)
    {
        uint8_t * out = new uint8_t[len + 64 + 5]; // 64 = 32 mac + 16 iv + upto 16 padding, 5 = header
        out[0] = 0x17; // application data
        out[1] = 0x03; out[2] = 0x03; // version
        uint8_t mac[32];
        m_Cipher->CalculateMAC (0x17, buf, len, mac);
        size_t encryptedLen = m_Cipher->Encrypt (buf, len, mac, out + 5);
        htobe16buf (out + 3, encryptedLen);
        m_Site.write ((char *)out, encryptedLen + 5);
        delete[] out;
    }

    bool TlsSession::Receive (std::ostream& rs)
    {
        if (m_Site.eof ()) return false;
        uint8_t type; uint16_t version, length;
        m_Site.read ((char *)&type, 1); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&version, 2); 
        m_Site.read ((char *)&length, 2); 
        length = be16toh (length);
        uint8_t * buf = new uint8_t[length];
        m_Site.read ((char *)buf, length);
        size_t decryptedLen = m_Cipher->Decrypt (buf, length);
        rs.write ((char *)buf + m_Cipher->GetIVSize (), decryptedLen);
        delete[] buf;
        return true;
    }
}
}